Analysis of stiffness and fatigue resistance of cold recycled asphalt mixtures manufactured with foamed bitumen for their application to airfield pavement design

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2017.04616

Keywords:

Mechanical properties, Modulus of elasticity, Fatigue, Characterisation, Fly ash

Abstract


Cold recycled bound materials (CRBMs) provide an economic and environmental advantage for pavements since they decrease energy and raw material consumption. However, design methods for airfield pavements do not include key CRBM properties. In this paper an empirical-mechanistic method is used to study airfield pavement design with CRBM in order to develop design guidance. The aim of the paper is to obtain the inputs related to material properties needed for use in this method. For this purpose, CRBM containing reclaimed asphalt, with fly ash, cement and foamed bitumen as stabilising agents, was characterised. The methodology included indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) and indirect tensile fatigue tests (ITFT) in strain control mode. The inputs needed for a pavement design analysis with CRBM were then obtained. The results showed the importance of further study on CRBM fatigue to understand the behaviour of these mixes under cyclic loading.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Qadi, I.L.; Elseifi, M.; Carpenter, S.H. (2007) Reclaimed asphalt pavement - A literature review. Civil engineering studies. Illinois Center for Transportation Series No. 07-001, (2007).

Botasso, H.G.; Cuattrocchio, A.C.; Rebollo, O.R.; Soengas, C.J. (2008) Reciclado de pavimentos asf·lticos en frÌo. Una forma de utilizar totalmente el RAP para el mantenimiento y rehabilitación de la red caminera. Cent Investig Viales Univ Tecnológica Nac - Fac Reg La Plata, Argentina.

Copeland, A. (2011) Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: state of the practice. Publ No FHWA-HRT-11-021.

CIRIA (1999) The reclaimed and recycled construction materials handbook, London, (1999).

Kazmierowski, T.J.; Bradbury, A.; Cheng, S.; Raymond, C. (1992) Performance of cold in-place recycling in Ontario. Transp Res Board. [1337], 28-36.

Thenoux, G.; Gonz·le,z ¡.; Dowling, R. (2007) Energy consumption comparison for different asphalt pavements rehabilitation techniques used in Chile. Conserv Recycl Resour. 49, 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.02.005

Coppola, L.; Kara, P.; Lorenzi, S. (2016) Concrete manufactured with crushed asphalt as partial replacement of natural aggregates. Mater. Construcc. 66 [324], 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2016.06515

Defence Estates (2009) Specification 050. Recycled bound materials for airfields, (2009).

Defence Estates (2005) Specification 012 Hot Rolled Asphalt and Macadam for Airfields, (2005).

Kearney, E.; Huffman, J. (1999) Full-reclamation process. Transp Res Rec. 1684 , 203-209. https://doi.org/10.3141/1684-24

Merrill, D.; Nunn, M.; Carswell, I. (2004) TRL report TRL611. A guide to the use and specification of cold recycled materials for the maintenance of road pavements. TRL limited, (2004).

Wirtgen GmbH (2012) Wirtgen cold recycling technology, Wirtgen GmnH, (2012).

Jitareekul, P. (2009) An investigation into cold in-place recycling of asphalt pavement. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, (2009).

Lanre, O.O. (2010) A study on the development of guidelines for the production of bitumen emulsion stabilised RAPs for roads in the tropics. PhD Thesis, The University of Nottingham. (2010).

Serfass, J.P.; Poirier, J.E.; Henrat, J.P.; Carbonneau, X. (2004) Influence of curing on cold mix mechanical performance. Mater Struct. 37, 365-368. https://doi.org/10.1617/14130

Ojum, C. (2015) The design and optimisation of cold asphalt emulsion mixtures. PhD Thesis, The University of Nottingham, (2015).

Jenkins, K.J. (2000) Mix design considerations for cold and half-warm bituminous mixes with emphasis on foamed bitumen. PhD Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, (2000).

Department for transport (2008) Manual of contract documents for highway works, Volume 1. Specification for highway works: Series 900.Road pavements. Bituminous bound materials, (2008).

West, R.C.; Willis, J.R. (2014) Case studies on successful utilizaion of reclaimed asphlt pavement and recycled asphalt shingles. NCAT Report 14-06.

Lacalle JimÈnez, H.I.; Thom, N.H.; Edwards, J.P. (2016) Comparison between laboratory results for cold recycled bound materials and DBM 50 used in airfield pavements. 6th Euroasphalt Eurobitume Congr.

Cardno, C.A. (2012) Florida uses greener cold asphalt recycling. Civ Eng.

Valentin, J.; Mondschein, P.; Fiedler, J.; Mollenhauer, K.; Batista, F.; Freire, A.C.(2014) Report on incorporation of cold- recycled pavement layers in empirical and mechanistic pavement design procedures, CEDR, (2014).

U.S. Department of transportation (2015) Federal aviation administration. . Retrieved July 4, 2016, from http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/design_software/

BAA plc Group Technical Services (1993) Aircraft pavements. Pavement design guide for heavy aircraft loading. BAA pcl group technical services, (1993).

Defence Estates (2011) A guide to airfield pavement design and evaluation. Design & Maintenance Guide 27. Ministry of defence (2011).

Huang, Y.H. (2004) Pavement design and analysis. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Kentucky, (2004).

Cizkova, Z.; Valentin, J.; Suda, J.; Krp·lek, O.; Simnofske, D.; Batista, F. (2014) Report on Durability of cold-recycled mixes : Test procedures for stiffness determination. CEDR, (2014).

Xu, L. (2016): Typical values of Young´s elastic modulus and Poisson s ratio for pavement materials. . Retrieved from www.academia.edu

Moreno-Navarro, F.; RubÌo Gamez, M.C.; Tom·s Fort˙n, E.; Valor Hern·ndez, F.; RamÌrez RÛdriguez, A. (2014) Evaluation of the fatigue macro-cracking behavior of crumb rubber modified bituminous mixes. Mater Construcción. 64 [315], 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2014.07913

Shook, J.F.; Finn, F.N.; Witczak, M.W.; Monismith, C.L. (1982) Thickness design of asphalt pavements - the Asphalt Institute method. Fith Int Conf Struct Des Asph pavements.

Lacalle Jiménez, H.I.; Tuck, J. (2015) Laboratory trials of cold recycled foamed bitumen asphalt: RAF Waddington. Int J Pavement Eng Asph Technol. 16 [1], 82-95.

British Standard (2003) BS 598-102: 2003 Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas. Part 102: Analytical test methods. .

British Standard (2013) BS EN 12697-3:2003 Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalt. Par 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator. .

British Standard (2007) BS EN 1427:2007Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of the softening point. Ring and Ball method. .

British Standard (2006) BS EN 1426:2006 Bitumen and bituminous binders. Determination of needle penetration.

British Standard (2012: BS EN 12697 26: 2012 Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalt. Part 26: Stiffness.

British Standard (2012) BS EN 12697-24:2012 Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24 : Resistance to fatigue.

Maggiore, C. (2014) A comparison of different test and analysis methods for asphalt fatigue. PhD Thesis, The University of Nottingham, (2014).

Kavussi, A.; Modarres, A. (2010) A model for resilient modulus determination of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and cement from ITS testing results. Constr Build Mater. 24, 2252-2259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.031

Ghuzlan, K.A.; Carpenter, S.H. (2000) Energy-Derived, Damage-Based failure criterion for fatigue testing. Transp Res Rec. 1723, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.3141/1723-18

Widyatmoko, I. (2002) Some practical aspects of performance related testing of bituminous materials. Perform Bitum Hydraul Mater Pavements. 99-104.

Barenberg, E.J.; Thompson, M.R. (1992) Calibrated mechanistic structural analysis procedures for pavements. Transp Res Boa. NCHRP Project 1-26.

Published

2017-09-30

How to Cite

Lacalle-Jiménez, H. I., Edwards, J. P., & Thom, N. H. (2017). Analysis of stiffness and fatigue resistance of cold recycled asphalt mixtures manufactured with foamed bitumen for their application to airfield pavement design. Materiales De Construcción, 67(327), e127. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2017.04616

Issue

Section

Research Articles