@article{Draper_Wagner_Skalny_1993, title={On some microstructural aspects of concrete deterioration}, volume={43}, url={https://materconstrucc.revistas.csic.es/index.php/materconstrucc/article/view/663}, DOI={10.3989/mc.1993.v43.i232.663}, abstractNote={There are numerous mechanisms that can lead to deterioration of portland-cement concrete in service. The best known are corrosion of reinforcement, freezing-thawing expansion, alkali-silica reaction, acid attack, and sulfate-related problems, including delayed ettringite formation. Additionally, concrete can deteriorate as a consequence of improper processing, including curing. Often, several of the above mechanisms of deterioration are jointly responsible for the observed damage. This paper briefly reviews the light-optical and electronoptical microscopic methods available to study some of the causes of concrete deterioration, and briefly describes selected case studies. Specifically, microstructural features resulting from physical (e.g., freezing-thawing) and chemical (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, delayed ettringite formation) deterioration of concrete are highlighted. Corrosion of reinforcement is not discussed.}, number={232}, journal={Materiales de Construcción}, author={Draper, E. A. and Wagner, K. E. and Skalny, J.}, year={1993}, month={Dec.}, pages={5–19} }