@article{García-Díaz_Puertas_Gazulla_Palacios_2008, title={Effect of ZnO, ZrO2 and B2O3 on clinkerization process. Part I. Clinkerization reactions and clinker composition}, volume={58}, url={https://materconstrucc.revistas.csic.es/index.php/materconstrucc/article/view/118}, DOI={10.3989/mc.2008.45307}, abstractNote={The use of clay-based product waste as an alternative prime material in Portland cement raw mixes raises the ZnO, ZrO<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content in the clinker. These compounds are found in the enamelled surface of the tile added to the raw mix. The present study explores the effect of adding 0.5 and 2% ZnO, ZrO<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to the raw mix, separately and jointly, on clinkerization and the distribution and morphology of the mineral phases in the clinker. <br /><br />The findings showed that while ZnO and ZrO<sub>2</sub> are fixed in the clinker, B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is partially volatized. Zinc oxide acted as a flux, while neither ZrO<sub>2</sub> nor B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> increased the molten phase. The addition of the oxides to the raw mix changed the content of the main mineral phases in the clinker. Zinc oxide lowered the C<sub>3</sub>S and C<sub>3</sub>A contents, ZrO<sub>2</sub> reduced the ferritic phase and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> stabilized C<sub>2</sub>S. New mineral phases, namely 3CaO·ZnO·2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CaZrO<sub>3</sub>, were identified in the clinkers obtained when 2% ZnO and ZrO<sub>2</sub> were added to the raw mix.}, number={292}, journal={Materiales de Construcción}, author={García-Díaz, I. and Puertas, F. and Gazulla, M. F. and Palacios, M.}, year={2008}, month={Dec.}, pages={81–99} }