Obtaining a pozzolanic addition from the controlled calcination of paper mill sludge. Performance in cement matrices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2006.v56.i283.8Keywords:
paper de-inking sludge, active addition, metakaolin, cement with additions, cement propertiesAbstract
Mineralogically, the paper mill sludge consists essentially of calcite, kaolinite, talc and other philosilicates (illite, chlorite). When such sludge is subjected to controlled thermal treatment, its kaolinite component may be transformed into metakaolin, yielding a product with high pozzolanic reactivity.
This study was designed to analyze a number of scientific questions around the production of pozzolanic additions via controlled thermal activation of paper mill sludge and to evaluate the performance of such additions when included in a cement matrix. The findings show that paper mill waste activation is optimal when the sludge is calcined for 2 hours at 700 ºC in the 700-800 ºC interval. A comparative study between the cement made with the new addition and a commercial cement (CEM I-42.5R) used as a reference led to highlight the scientific and technical viability of this waste as a cementing secondary material.
Downloads
References
(1) Horton, R.: “Factor Ten Emisión Reductions: The Key to Sustainable Development and Economic Prosperity for the Cement and Concrete Industry”, 3rd CANMET/ACI International Symposium on Sustainable Development of Cement and Concrete. Ed. V. M. Malhotra, ACI SP-202, San Francisco, USA (2001), pp. 1-14.
(2) Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., Menéndez, I., Cristina, C. y García de Lomas, M.: “Propiedades de la escocia Si-Mn como material puzolánico en la fabricación de cementos Portland”, Mater. Construcc., vol. 55, nº 280 (2005), pp. 1-9.
(3) Villar Cociña, E., Frías, M., Valencia, E. y Sánchez de Rojas, M. I.: “Validación de un modelo cinético-difusivo para caracterizar la cinética de reacción puzolánica en sistemas ceniza de paja de caña-arcilla-cal”, Mater. Construcc., vol. 55, nº 278 (2005), pp. 29-40.
(4) Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I.: “Influence of metastable hydrated phases on the pore size distribution and degree of hydration of MK-blended cements cured at 60 ºC”, Cem. Concr. Res., 35 (2005), pp. 1292-1298. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.038
(5) Pera, J. y Ambroise, J.: “Pozzolanic properties of calcined paper sludge”, Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement. (2003), pp. 1351-1360.
(6) Pera, J., Ambroise, J. y Chabannet, M.: “Transformation of wastes into complementary cementing materials”, 7th International Conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete. Ed. V. M. Malhotra, ACI SP-26, vol. II, Chennai, India (2001), pp. 459-475.
(7) Pera, J. y Amrouz, A.: “Development of highly reactive metakaolin from paper sludge”, Advanced Cement Based Materials, 7 (1998), pp. 49-56. doi:10.1016/S1065-7355(97)00016-3
(8) Pera, J. y Ambroise, J.: “Calcined paper sludge: an interesting admixture for the cement industry”, Proceedings of the Sidney Diamond Symposium-Materials Science of Concrete. Ed. M. Cohen et al. (1998). pp. 467-479.
(9) Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. y Rivera, J.: “Influence of calcining conditions on pozzolanic activity and reaction kinetics in paper sludge-calcium hydroxide mixes”, 8th CANMET/ACI International Conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete. Ed. V. M. Malhotra (2004), pp. 879-892.
(10) Rodríguez, O., Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. y Menéndez, I.: “Viabilidad de la incorporación de lodos de papel al cemento como adición puzolánica”, VI Congreso Nacional de Materiales Compuestos, UPV (Ed.), vol. 1 (2005), Valencia, España, pp. 917-923.
(11) Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) and the International Confederation of Paper and Board Converters in Europe (CITPA). Towards a Thematic Strategy on Prevention and Recycling of Waste Paper and board manufacturing and converting industry’s position (2003).
(12) Schultz, L. G.: “Quantitative interpretation of the mineralogical composition from X-ray and Chemical data for the Pierre Shale. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. (1964), 391 C, 31 pp.
(13) Barahona, E.: Arcillas de ladrillería de la provincia de Granada. Evaluación de algunos ensayos en materias primas. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Granada, 1964, 398 pp.
(14) Brindley, G. W.: “Order-Disorder in Clay Minerals Structure”, en G. W. Bridley y G. Brown (eds.): Cristal Structures of Clays Minerals and their X-Ray identification. Mineralogical Society Monograph 5. Londres, 1980, p. 496.
(15) Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., Rodriguez, O., García, R. y Vigil, R.: “Characterization of calcined paper sludge as environmentally- friendly source of MK for manufacturing of cementing matrixes”, Cem. Concr. Res, under review (2005).
(16) UNE-EN 197-1, Cemento. Parte 1: Composición, especificaciones y criterios de conformidad de los cementos comunes, 2000.
(17) Taylor, H. F. W.: Cement Chemistry. Thomas Telford Publishing, Tomas Telford Services Ltd, 2ª Edición, Londres, 1997, p. 436.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2006 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
