Self-healing concrete-What Is it Good For?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.07320

Keywords:

Concrete, Durability, Microcracking, Transport properties, Mechanical properties

Abstract


Self-healing of concrete is the process in which the material regenerates itself repairing inner cracks. This process can be produced by autogenous or autonomous healing. Autogenous healing is a natural process, produced by carbonation and/or continuing hydration. Autonomous healing is based on the use of specific agents to produce self-healing, which can be added directly to the concrete matrix, embedded in capsules or introduced through vascular networks. Some examples are superabsorbent polymers, crystalline admixtures, microencapsulated sodium silicate, and bacteria. This review is structured into two parts. The first part is an overview of self-healing concrete that summarises the basic concepts and the main advances produced in the last years. The second part is a critical discussion on the feasibility of self-healing concrete, its possibilities, current weaknesses, and challenges that need to be addressed in the coming years.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Damgaard Jensen, A.; Chatterji, S. (1996) State of the art report on micro-cracking and lifetime of concrete - Part 1. Mater. Struct. 29 [1], 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486001

Speck, T.; Bauer, G.; Flues, F.; Oelker, K.; Rampf, M.; Schüssele, A.C.; et al. (2013) Chapter 16. Bio-inspired self-healing materials. In: Peter, Fratzl.; John, W.C. Dunlop; Weinkamer, R.; (Eds). Materials Design Inspired by Nature: Function Through Inner Architecture. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 359-389. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849737555-00359

Speck, O.; Speck, T. (2019) An overview of bioinspired and biometric self-repairing materials. Biomimetics. 4 [1], 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4010026 PMid:31105211 PMCid:PMC6477613

Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N. (2013) Self-healing in cementitious materials-A review. Mater. 6 [6], 2182-2217. . https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6062182 PMid:28809268 PMCid:PMC5458958

Hearn, N. (1998) Self-sealing, autogenous healing and continued hydration: What is the difference? Mater. Struct. 31 [8], 563-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02481539

Souradeep, G.; Kua, H.W. (2016) Encapsulation technology and techniques in self-healing concrete. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 [12], 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001687

Ferrara, L.; Van Mullem, T.; Alonso, M.C.; Antonaci, P.; Borg, R.P.; Cuenca, E.; et al. (2018) Experimental characterization of the self-healing capacity of cement based materials and its effects on the material performance: A state of the art report by COST Action SARCOS WG2. Constr. Build. Mater. 167, 115-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.143

Sánchez, M.; Faria, P.; Ferrara, L.; Horszczaruk, E.; Jonkers, H.M.; Kwiecień, A.; et al. (2018) External treatments for the preventive repair of existing constructions: A review. Constr. Build. Mater. 193, 435-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.173

De Belie, N.; Gruyaert, E.; Al-Tabbaa, A.; Antonaci, P.; Baera, C.; Bajare, D.; et al. (2018) A review of self-healing concrete for damage management of structures. Adv. Mater. Inter. 5 [17], 1800074. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800074

Vijay, K.; Murmu, M.; Deo, S.V. (2017) Bacteria based self healing concrete - A review. Constr. Build. Mater. 152, 1008-1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.040

Edvardsen, C. (1999) Water permeability and autogenous healing of cracks in concrete. ACI Mater J. 96 [4], 448-454. https://doi.org/10.14359/645

Snoeck, D.; Van den Heede, P.; Van Mullem, T.; De Belie, N. (2018) Water penetration through cracks in self-healing cementitious materials with superabsorbent polymers studied by neutron radiography. Cem. Concr. Res. 113, 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.07.002

Sun, B.; Wu, H.; Song, W.; Li, Z.; Yu, J. (2019) Design methodology and mechanical properties of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) cement-based materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 204, 440-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.206

He, Z.; Shen, A.; Guo, Y.; Lyu, Z.; Li, D.; Qin, X.; et al. (2019) Cement-based materials modified with superabsorbent polymers: A review. Constr. Build. Mater. 225, 569-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.139

Mignon, A.; De Belie, N.; Dubruel, P.; Van Vlierberghe, S. (2019) Superabsorbent polymers: A review on the characteristics and applications of synthetic, polysaccharide-based, semi-synthetic and 'smart' derivatives. Eur. Polym. J. 117, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.054

Ferrara, L.; Krelani, V.; Carsana, M. (2014) A "fracture testing" based approach to assess crack healing of concrete with and without crystalline admixtures. Constr. Build. Mater. 68, 535-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.008

Roig-Flores, M.; Pirritano, F.; Serna, P.; Ferrara, L. (2016) Effect of crystalline admixtures on the self-healing capability of early-age concrete studied by means of permeability and crack closing tests. Constr. Build. Mater. 114, 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.196

Cuenca, E.; Tejedor, A.; Ferrara, L. (2018) A methodology to assess crack-sealing effectiveness of crystalline admixtures under repeated cracking-healing cycles. Constr. Build. Mater. 179, 619-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.261

Kanellopoulos, A.; Giannaros, P.; Palmer, D.; Kerr, A.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2017) Polymeric microcapsules with switchable mechanical properties for self-healing concrete: synthesis, characterisation and proof of concept. Smart. Mater. Struct. 26, 045025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa516c

Beglarigale, A.; Seki, Y.; Demir, N.Y.; Yazıcı, H. (2018) Sodium silicate/polyurethane microcapsules used for self-healing in cementitious materials: Monomer optimization, characterization, and fracture behavior. Constr. Build. Mater. 162, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.164

Al-Tabbaa, A.; Litina, C.; Giannaros, P.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Souza, L. (2019) First UK field application and performance of microcapsule-based self-healing concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 208, 669-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.178

Dry, C.M. (2000) Three designs for the internal release of sealants, adhesives, and waterproofing chemicals into concrete to reduce permeability. Cem. Concr. Res. 30 [12], 1969-1977. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00415-4

Van Tittelboom, K.; Adesanya, K.; Dubruel, P.; Van Puyvelde, P.; De Belie, N. (2011) Methyl methacrylate as a healing agent for self-healing cementitious materials. Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 125016. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/20/12/125016

Gilabert, F.A.; Van Tittelboom, K.; Van Stappen, J.; Cnudde, V.; De Belie, N.; Van Paepegem, W. (2017) Integral procedure to assess crack filling and mechanical contribution of polymer-based healing agent in encapsulation-based self-healing concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 77, 68-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.001

Wiktor, V.; Jonkers, H.M. (2011) Quantification of crack-healing in novel bacteria-based self-healing concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 [7], 763-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.03.012

Palin, D.; Wiktor, V.; Jonkers, H.M. (2016) A bacteria-based bead for possible self-healing marine concrete applications. Smart. Mater. Struct. 25, 084008. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/084008

Pawar, S.S.; Parekar, P.S.R. (2018) Bacteria based Self-Healing Concrete : Review. Inter. Res. J. Engi. Tech. 5 [3], 1001-1004.

Li, L.; Zheng, Q.; Li, Z.; Ashour, A.; Han, B. (2019) Bacterial technology-enabled cementitious composites: A review. Compos. Struct. 225, 111170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111170

De Rooij, M.R.; Schlangen, E.; Joseph, C. (2013) Introduction. In: de Rooij M., Van Tittelboom K., De Belie N., Schlangen E. (eds) Self-healing phenomena in cement-based materials. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6624-2 PMid:23792548

Snoeck, D.; De Belie, N. (2012) Mechanical and self-healing properties of cementitious composites reinforced with flax and cottonised flax, and compared with polyvinyl alcohol fibres. Biosyst. Eng. 111 [4], 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.12.005

Snoeck, D.; De Belie, N. (2016) Repeated autogenous healing in strain-hardening cementitious composites by using superabsorbent polymers. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 [1], 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001360

Roig-Flores, M.; Serna, P. (2020) Concrete early-age crack closing by autogenous healing. Sustain. 12 [11], 4476. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114476

Sisomphon, K.; Copuroglu, O.; Koenders, E.A.B. (2012) Self-healing of surface cracks in mortars with expansive additive and crystalline additive. Cem. Concr. Compos. 34 [4], 566-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.01.005

Wang, X.F.; Yang, Z.H.; Fang, C.; Han, N.X.; Zhu, G.M.; Tang, J.N.; et al. (2019) Evaluation of the mechanical performance recovery of self-healing cementitious materials - its methods and future development: A review. Constr. Build Mater. 212, 400-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.117

Sangadji, S. (2017) Can self-healing mechanism helps concrete structures sustainable? Procedia Eng. 171, 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.331

Suleiman, A.R.; Nehdi, M.L. (2018) Effect of environmental exposure on autogenous self-healing of cracked cement-based materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 111, 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.009

Yıldırım, G.; Khiavi, A.H.; Yeşilmen, S.; Şahmaran M. (2018) Self-healing performance of aged cementitious composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 87, 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.01.004

Desmettre, C.; Charron, J.P. (2012) Water permeability of reinforced concrete with and without fiber subjected to static and constant tensile loading. Cem Concr Res. 42 [7], 945-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.03.014

Nishiwaki, T.; Kwon, S.; Homma, D.; Yamada, M.; Mihashi, H. (2014) Self-healing capability of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites for recovery of watertightness and mechanical properties. Mater. 7 [3], 2141-2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7032141 PMid:28788560 PMCid:PMC5453282

Plagué, T.; Desmettre, C.; Charron, J.P. (2017) Influence of fiber type and fiber orientation on cracking and permeability of reinforced concrete under tensile loading. Cem. Concr. Res. 94, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.01.004

Schlangen, E.; ter Heide, N.; van Breugel, K. (2007) Crack healing of early age cracks in concrete. In: Konsta-Gdoutos M.S. (eds) Measuring, monitoring and modeling concrete properties. Springer, Dordrecht. 273-284 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5104-3_32

Jefferson, A.; Joseph, C.; Lark, R.; Isaacs, B.; Dunn, S.; Weager, B. (2010) A new system for crack closure of cementitious materials using shrinkable polymers. Cem. Concr. Res. 40 [5], 795-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.01.004

Jaroenratanapirom, D.; Sahamitmongkol, R. (2011) Self-crack closing ability of mortar with different additives. J. Met. Mater. Miner. 21 [1], 9-17.

Hearn, N.; Morley, C.T. (1997) Self-sealing property of concrete - Experimental evidence. Mater. Struct. 30, 404-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02498563

Huang, H.; Ye, G.; Damidot, D. (2013) Characterization and quantification of self-healing behaviors of microcracks due to further hydration in cement paste. Cem. Concr. Res. 52, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.05.003

Van Tittelboom, K.; Gruyaert, E.; Rahier, H.; De Belie, N. (2012) Influence of mix composition on the extent of autogenous crack healing by continued hydration or calcium carbonate formation. Constr. Build. Mater. 37, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.026

Darquennes, A.; Olivier, K.; Benboudjema, F.; Gagné, R. (2016) Self-healing at early-age, a way to improve the chloride resistance of blast-furnace slag cementitious materials. Constr. Build Mater. 113, 1017-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.087

Zhou, Z.H; Li, Z.Q.; Xu, D.J.; Yu, J.H. (2011) Influence of slag and fly ash on the self-healing ability of concrete. Advan. Mater. Research. 306-307, 1020-1023. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.306-307.1020

Na, S.H.; Hama, Y.; Taniguchi, M.; Katsura, O.; Sagawa, T.; Zakaria, M. (2012) Experimental investigation on reaction rate and self-healing ability in fly ash blended cement mixtures. J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 10 [7], 240-253. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.10.240

Han, N.X.; Xing, F. (2017) A comprehensive review of the study and development of microcapsule based self-resilience systems for concrete structures at Shenzhen University. Mater. 10 [1], 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10010002 PMid:28772362 PMCid:PMC5344554

Sidiq, A.; Setunge, S.; Gravina, R.J.; Giustozzi, F. (2020) Self-repairing cement mortars with microcapsules: A microstructural evaluation approach. Constr. Build. Mater. 232, 117239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117239

Toledo Filho, R.D.; Ghavami, K.; Sanjuán, M.A.; England G.L. (2005) Free, restrained and drying shrinkage of cement mortar composites reinforced with vegetable fibres. Cem. Concr. Compos. 27 [5], 537-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.09.005

Singh, H.; Gupta, R. (2020) Influence of cellulose fiber addition on self-healing and water permeability of concrete. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 12, e00324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00324

Qian, S.Z.; Zhou, J.; Schlangen, E. (2010) Influence of curing condition and precracking time on the self-healing behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 [9], 686-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.015

Lee, H.X.D.; Wong, H.S.; Buenfeld, N.R. (2010) Potential of superabsorbent polymer for self-sealing cracks in concrete. Adv. Appl. Ceram. 109 [5], 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1179/174367609X459559

Tsuji, M.; Shitama, K.; Isobe, D. (1999) Basic studies on simplified curing technique, and prevention of initial cracking and leakage of water through cracks of concrete by applying superabsorbent polymers as new concrete admixture. Jour. Soci. Mater. Sci., Japan. 48 [11], 1308-1315. https://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.48.1308

Kang, S-H.; Hong, S-G.; Moon, J. (2018) Importance of monovalent ions on water retention capacity of superabsorbent polymer in cement based solutions. Cem. Concr. Compos. 88, 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.01.015

Snoeck, D.; Schaubroeck, D.; Dubruel, P.; De Belie, N. (2014) Effect of high amounts of superabsorbent polymers and additional water on the workability, microstructure and strength of mortars with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.50. Constr. Build. Mater. 72, 148-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.012

Hong, G.; Choi, S. (2017) Rapid self-sealing of cracks in cementitious materials incorporating superabsorbent polymers. Constr. Build. Mater. 143, 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.133

Park, B.; Choi, Y.C. (2018) Self-healing capability of cementitious materials with crystalline admixtures and super absorbent polymers (SAPs). Constr. Build. Mater. 189, 1054-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.061

Snoeck, D.; Van Tittelboom, K.; Steuperaert, S.; Dubruel, P.; De Belie, N. (2014) Self-healing cementitious materials by the combination of microfibres and superabsorbent polymers. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 25 [1], 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X12438623

Roig-Flores, M.; Moscato, S.; Serna, P.; Ferrara, L. (2015) Self-healing capability of concrete with crystalline admixtures in different environments. Constr. Build. Mater. 86, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.091

Escoffres, P.; Desmettre, C.; Charron, J.P. (2018) Effect of a crystalline admixture on the self-healing capability of high-performance fiber reinforced concretes in service conditions. Constr. Build. Mater. 173, 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.003

Sisomphon, K.; Copuroglu, O.; Koenders, E.A.B. (2013) Effect of exposure conditions on self healing behavior of strain hardening cementitious composites incorporating various cementitious materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 42, 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.012

Chindasiriphan, P.; Yokota, H.; Pimpakan, P. (2020) Effect of fly ash and superabsorbent polymer on concrete self-healing ability. Constr. Build. Mater. 233, 116975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116975

Qureshi, T.S.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2016) Self-healing of drying shrinkage cracks in cement-based materials incorporating reactive MgO. Smart Mater. Struct. 25 [8], 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/084004

Qureshi, T.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2018) Autogenous self-healing of cement with expansive minerals-I: Impact in early age crack healing. Constr. Build. Mater. 192, 768-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.143

Qureshi, T.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2019) Autogenous self-healing of cement with expansive minerals-II: Impact of age and the role of optimised expansive minerals in healing performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 194, 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.027

Alghamri, R.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2016) Impregnation and encapsulation of lightweight aggregates for self-healing concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 124, 910-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.143

Qureshi, T.S.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2016) Encapsulation of expansive powder minerals within a concentric glass capsule system for self-healing concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 121, 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.030

Tan, N.P.B.; Keung, L.H.; Choi, W.H.; Lam, W.C.; Leung, H.N. (2015) Silica-based self-healing microcapsules for self-repair in concrete. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 133 [12], 43090. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43090

Li, G.; Huang, X.; Lin, J.; Jiang, X.; Zhang, X. (2019) Activated chemicals of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials and their self-healing behaviour. Constr. Build. Mater. 200, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.093

Irico, S.; Bovio, A.G.; Paul, G.; Boccaleri, E.; Gastaldi, D.; Marchese, L.; et al. (2017) A solid-state NMR and X-ray powder diffraction investigation of the binding mechanism for self-healing cementitious materials design: The assessment of the reactivity of sodium silicate based systems. Cem. Concr. Compos. 76, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.11.006

Restuccia, L.; Reggio, A.; Ferro, G.A.; Tulliani, J.M. (2017) New self-healing techniques for cement-based materials. Procedia Struct. Integr. 3, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.016

Sidiq, A.; Gravina, R.J.; Setunge, S.; Giustozzi, F. (2019) Microstructural analysis of healing efficiency in highly durable concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 215, 969-983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.233

Mao, W.; Litina, C.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2020) Development and application of novel sodium silicate microcapsule-based self-healing oil well cement. Mater. 13 [2], 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020456 PMid:31963604 PMCid:PMC7014011

Lv, L.; Guo, P.; Liu, G.; Han, N.; Xing, F. (2020) Light induced self-healing in concrete using novel cementitious capsules containing UV curable adhesive. Cem. Concr. Compos. 105, 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103445

Selvarajoo, T.; Davies, R.E.; Freeman, B.L.; Jefferson, A.D. (2020) Mechanical response of a vascular self-healing cementitious material system under varying loading conditions. Constr. Build. Mater. 254, 119245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119245

Du, W.; Yu, J.; Gu, Y.; Li, Y.; Han, X.; Liu, Q. (2019) Preparation and application of microcapsules containing toluene-di-isocyanate for self-healing of concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 202, 762-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.007

Hu, Z.X.; Hu, X.M.; Cheng, W.M.; Zhao, Y.Y.; Wu, M.Y. (2018) Performance optimization of one-component polyurethane healing agent for self-healing concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 179, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.199

Anglani, G.; Tulliani, J-M.; Antonaci, P. (2020) Behaviour of pre-cracked self-healing cementitious materials under static and cyclic loading. Mater. 13 [5], 1149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051149 PMid:32150887 PMCid:PMC7084963

Perez, G.; Erkizia, E.; Gaitero, J.J.; Kaltzakorta, I.; Jiménez, I.; Guerrero, A. (2015) Synthesis and characterization of epoxy encapsulating silica microcapsules and amine functionalized silica nanoparticles for development of an innovative self-healing concrete. Mater. Chem. Phys. 165, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.08.047

Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N.; Van Loo, D.; Jacobs, P. (2011) Self-healing efficiency of cementitious materials containing tubular capsules filled with healing agent. Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 [4], 497-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.01.004

Nain, N.; Surabhi, R.; Yathish, N.V.; Krishnamurthy, V.; Deepa, T.; Tharannum, S. (2019) Enhancement in strength parameters of concrete by application of Bacillus bacteria. Constr. Build. Mater. 202, 904-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.059

Huynh, N.N.T.; Phuong, N.M.; Toan, N.P.A.; Son, N.K. (2017) Bacillys subtilis HU58 immobilized in micropores of diatomite for using in self-helaing concrete. Procedia Eng. 171, 598-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.385

Shaheen, N.; Khushnood, R.A.; Khaliq, W.; Murtaza, H.; Iqbal, R.; Khan, M.H. (2019) Synthesis and characterization of bio-immobilized nano/micro inert and reactive additives for feasibility investigation in self-healing concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 226, 492-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.202

De Belie, N. (2016) Application of bacteria in concrete: a critical evaluation of the current status. RILEM Tech. Lett. 1, 56-61. https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.14

Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Feng, T.; Zhou, M.; Zhao, L.; Zhou, A.; Li, Z. (2017) Immobilizing bacteria in expanded perlite for the crack self-healing in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 148, 610-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.021

Zhang, J.; Zhao, C.; Zhou, A.; Yang, C.; Zhao, L.; Li, Z. (2019) Aragonite formation induced by open cultures of microbial consortia to heal cracks in concrete: Insights into healing mechanisms and crystal polymorphs. Constr. Build. Mater. 224, 815-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.129

Liu, S.; Bundur, Z.B.; Zhu, J.; Ferron, R.D. (2016) Evaluation of self-healing of internal cracks in biomimetic mortar using coda wave interferometry. Cem. Concr. Res. 83, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.01.006

Jadhav, U.U.; Lahoti, M.; Chen, Z.; Qiu, J.; Cao, B.; Yang, E.H. (2018) Viability of bacterial spores and crack healing in bacteria-containing geopolymer. Constr. Build. Mater. 169, 716-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.039

Singh, H.; Gupta, R. (2020) Cellulose fiber as bacteria-carrier in mortar: Self-healing quantification using UPV. J. Build. Eng. 28, 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101090

Wang, J.Y.; Soens, H.; Verstraete, W.; De Belie, N. (2014) Self-healing concrete by use of microencapsulated bacterial spores. Cem. Concr. Res. 56, 139-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.11.009

Jonkers, H.M.; Thijssen, A.; Muyzer, G.; Copuroglu, O.; Schlangen, E. (2010) Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete. Ecol. Eng. 36 [2], 230-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.036

Reeksting, B.J.; Hoffmann, T.D.; Tan, L.; Paine, K.; Gebhard, S. (2020) In-depth profiling of calcite precipitation by environmental bacteria reveals fundamental mechanistic differences with relevance to application. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 86 [7], e02739-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02739-19 PMid:31980427 PMCid:PMC7082560

Da Silva, F.B.; De Belie, N.; Boon, N.; Verstraete, W. (2015) Production of non-axenic ureolytic spores for self-healing concrete applications. Constr. Build. Mater. 93, 1034-1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.049

Silva, F.B.; Boon, N.; De Belie, N.; Verstraete, W. (2015) Industrial application of biological self-healing concrete: Challenges and economical feasibility. J. Commer. Biotechnol. 21 [1], 31-38. https://doi.org/10.5912/jcb662

Basilisk - Basilisk self-healing concrete. [consulted 2020 May 29]. Available from: https://www.basiliskconcrete.com.

Yang, Z.; Hollar, J.; He, X.; Shi, X. (2011) A self-healing cementitious composite using oil core/silica gel shell microcapsules. Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 [4], 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.01.010

Van Tittelboom, K.; Tsangouri, E.; Van Hemelrijck, D.; De Belie, N. (2015) The efficiency of self-healing concrete using alternative manufacturing procedures and more realistic crack patterns. Cem. Concr. Compos. 57, 142-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.002

Escobar, M.M.; Vago, S.; Vázquez, A. (2013) Self-healing mortars based on hollow glass tubes and epoxy-amine systems. Compos. Part B: Eng. 55, 203-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.06.023

Joseph, C.; Jefferson, A.D.; Isaacs, B.; Lark, R.; Gardner, D. (2010) Experimental investigation of adhesive-based self-healing of cementitious materials. Mag. Concr. Res. 62 [11], 831-843. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2010.62.11.831

Dry, C. (1994) Matrix cracking repair and filling using active and passive modes for smart timed release of chemicals from fibers into cement matrices. Smart Mater. Struct. 3 [2], 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/3/2/006

Davies, R.; Teall, O.; Pilegis, M.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Sharma, T.; Jefferson, A.; et al. (2018) Large scale application of self-healing concrete: Design, construction, and testing. Front. Mater. 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2018.00051

Teall, O.; Davies, R.; Pilegis, M.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Sharma, T.; Paine, K.; et al. (2016) Self-healing concrete full-scale site trials. Proc. 11th fib Int. PhD Symp. Civ. Eng. FIB 2016.

Li, Z.; Souza, L.R; Litina, C.; Markaki, A.E.; Al-Tabbaa, A. (2019) Feasibility of using 3D printed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for creating sef-healing vascular tunnels in cement system. Mater. 12 [23], 3872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233872 PMid:31771222 PMCid:PMC6926814

Minnebo, P.; Thierens, G.; De Valck, G.; Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N.; Van Hemelrijck, D.; et al. (2017) A novel design of autonomously healed concrete: Towards a vascular healing network. Mater. 10 [1], 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10010049 PMid:28772409 PMCid:PMC5344598

Schlangen, E.; Joseph, C. (2013) Modelling of self-healing cementitious materials. In: de Rooij M., Van Tittelboom K., De Belie N., Schlangen E. (eds) Self-Healing Phenomena in Cement-Based Materials. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, vol 11, 217-240. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6624-2_5

Ismail, M.; Toumi, A.; François, R.; Gagné, R. (2008) Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in cracked mortar samples. Cem. Concr. Res. 38 [8-9], 1106-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.009

Snoeck, D.; Steuperaert, S.; Van Tittelboom, K.; Dubruel, P.; De Belie, N. (2012) Visualization of water penetration in cementitious materials with superabsorbent polymers by means of neutron radiography. Cem. Concr. Res. 42 [8], 1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.05.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.05.005

Van Belleghem, B.; Montoya, R.; Dewanckele, J.; Van Den Steen, N.; De Graeve, I.; Deconinck, J.; et al. (2016) Capillary water absorption in cracked and uncracked mortar - A comparison between experimental study and finite element analysis. Constr. Build. Mater. 110, 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.027

Cuenca, E.; Ferrara, L. (2020) Fracture toughness parameters to assess crack healing capacity of fiber reinforced concrete under repeated cracking-healing cycles. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 106, 102468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102468

Yang, Y.; Yang, E.H.; Li, V.C. (2011) Autogenous healing of engineered cementitious composites at early age. Cem. Concr. Res. 41 [2], 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.002

Yang, Y.; Lepech, M.D.; Yang, E.H.; Li, V.C. (2009) Autogenous healing of engineered cementitious composites under wet-dry cycles. Cem. Concr. Res. 39 [5], 382-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.013

Yildirim, G.; Sahmaran, M.; Ahmed, H.U. (2015) Influence of hydrated lime addition on the self-healing capability of high-volume fly ash incorporated cementitious composites. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 [6]. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001145

Zhong, W.; Yao, W. (2008) Influence of damage degree on self-healing of concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 22 [6], 1137-1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.02.006

Shahid, K.A.; Jaafar, M.F.M.; Yahaya, F.M. (2014) Self-healing behaviour of pre-cracked POFA-concretes in different curing conditions. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 7 [1], 1227-1235. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.7.2014.22.0120

Karaiskos, G.; Tsangouri, E.; Aggelis, D.G.; Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N.; Van Hemelrijck, D. (2016) Performance monitoring of large-scale autonomously healed concrete beams under four-point bending through multiple non-destructive testing methods. Smart Mater. Struct. 25 [5], 055003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/5/055003

Granger, S.; Loukili, A.; Pijaudier-Cabot, G.; Chanvillard, G. (2007) Experimental characterization of the self-healing of cracks in an ultra high performance cementitious material: Mechanical tests and acoustic emission analysis. Cem. Concr. Res. 37 [4], 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.12.005

Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N.; Lehmann, F.; Grosse, C.U. (2012) Acoustic emission analysis for the quantification of autonomous crack healing in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 28 [1], 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.079

Hannant, D.J.; Keer, J.G. (1983) Autogenous healing of thin cement based sheets. Cem. Concr. Res. 13 [3], 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(83)90035-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(83)90035-2

Silva, E.F.; Moreira, M.; Manzano M.A.R.; Blanco, R. (2016) Case study of permeability-reducing admixture use in anti-flotation slabs: building in Brasilia, Brazil. J. Build Pathol. Rehabil. 2, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-016-0014-5

Sierra-Beltran, M.G.; Jonkers, H.M.; Mors, R.M.; Mera-Ortiz, M. (2015) Field application of self-­healing concrete with natural fibres as linings for irrigation canals in Ecuador. ICSHM 2015: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Self-Healing Materials, Durham, USA, 22-24 June 2015.

Mors, R.; Jonkers, H.M. (2019) Bacteria-based self-healing concrete: evaluation of full scale demonstrator projects. RILEM Tech. Lett. 40, 138-144. https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2019.93

Al-Tabbaa, A.; Lark, B.; Paine, K.; Jefferson, T.; Litina, C.; Gardner, D.; et al. (2018) Biomimetic cementitious construction materials for next-generation infrastructure. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Smart Infrastruct. Constr. 171 [2], 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.18.00005

Van Mullem, T.; Gruyaert, E.; Caspeele, R.; De Belie, N. (2020) First large scale application with self-healing concrete in belgium: Analysis of the laboratory control tests. Materials. 13 [4], 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040997 PMid:32102197 PMCid:PMC7079619

Serna, P.; Lo Monte, F.; Mezquida-Alcaraz, E.J.; Cuenca, E.; Mechtcherine, V.; Reichardt, M.; et al. (2019) Upgrading the concept of UHPFRC for high durability in the cracked state: the concept of ultra high durability concrete (UHDC) in the approach of the H2020 project ReSHEALience. Sustainable Materials Systems and Structures SMSS 2019, Rovinj, Croatia, 20-22 March 2019.

Jefferson, T.; Javierre, E.; Freeman, B.; Zaoui, A.; Koenders, E.; Ferrara, L. (2018) Research progress on numerical models for self-healing cementitious materials. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 5 [17], 1701378. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201701378

Van Belleghem, B.; Van den Heede, P.; Van Tittelboom, K.; De Belie, N. (2017) Quantification of the service life extension and environmental benefit of chloride exposed self-healing concrete. Mater. 10 [1], 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10010005 PMid:28772363 PMCid:PMC5344592

Helene, P.; Guignone, G.; Vieira, G.; Roncetti, L.; Moroni, F. (2018) Evaluation of the chloride penetration and service life of self-healing concretes activated by crystalline catalyst. Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater. 11 [3], 544-563. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952018000300007

Van den Heede, P.; Mignon, A.; Habert, G.; De Belie, N. (2018) Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of self-healing engineered cementitious composite with in-house developed (semi-)synthetic superabsorbent polymers. Cem. Concr. Compos. 94, 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.08.017

van der Zwaag, S. (2007) An introduction to material design principles: damage prevention versus damage management. In: van der Zwaag S. (eds) Self Healing Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 100, 1-18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6250-6_1

Mohammadreza Hassani, E.; Vessalas, K.; Sirivivatnanon, V.; Baweja, D. (2017) Influence of permeability-reducing admixtures on water penetration in concrete. ACI Mater. J. 114 [6], 911-922. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701002

Pazderka, J.; Hájková, E. (2016) Crystalline admixtures and their effect on selected properties of concrete. Acta Polytech. 56 [4], 306-311. https://doi.org/10.14311/AP.2016.56.0306

Van Mullem, T.; Anglani, G.; Dudek, M.; Vanoutrive, H.; Bumanis, G.; Litina, C.; et al. (2020) Addressing the need for standardization of test methods for self-healing concrete : an inter-laboratory study on concrete with macrocapsules. Sci. Technol. Advanc. Mater. 21 [1], 661-682. https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2020.1814117 PMid:33061839 PMCid:PMC7534348

Schlangen, E.; Sangadji, S. (2013) Addressing infrastructure durability and sustainability by self healing mechanisms - Recent advances in self healing concrete and asphalt. Proce. Engin. 54, 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.005

Gardner, D.; Lark, R.; Jefferson, T.; Davies, R. (2018) A survey on problems encountered in current concrete construction and the potential benefits of self-healing cementitious materials. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 8, 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2018.02.002

Neville, A. (2000) Water and concrete: a love-hate relationship. Concr. Int. 22 [12], 34-38.

Roig-Flores, M. (2018) Self-healing concrete : efficiency evaluation and enhancement with crystalline admixtures. Universitat Politècnica de València - PhD Thesis.

Li, V.C.; Herbert, E. (2012) Robust self-healing concrete for sustainable infrastructure. J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 10, [6], 207-218. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.10.207

Shanmuga Priya, T.; Ramesh, N.; Agarwal, A.; Bhusnur, S.; Chaudhary, K. (2019) Strength and durability characteristics of concrete made by micronized biomass silica and Bacteria-Bacillus sphaericus. Constr. Build. Mater. 226, 827-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.172

Nguyen, T.H.; Ghorbel, E.; Fares, H.; Cousture, A. (2019) Bacterial self-healing of concrete and durability assessment. Cem. Concr. Compos. 104, 103340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103340

Siddique, R.; Singh, K.; Kunal, P.; Singh, M.; Corinaldesi, V.; Rajor, A. (2016) Properties of bacterial rice husk ash concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 121, 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.146

Huseien, G.F.; Shah, K.W.; Sam, A.R.M. (2019) Sustainability of nanomaterials based self-healing concrete: An all-inclusive insight. J. Build. Eng. 23, 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.01.032

Published

2021-03-09

How to Cite

Roig-Flores, M. ., Formagini, S. ., & Serna, P. . (2021). Self-healing concrete-What Is it Good For?. Materiales De Construcción, 71(341), e237. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.07320

Issue

Section

Research Articles