Caracterización de las propiedades de pastas geopoliméricas de perlita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2016.10415Palabras clave:
Perlita, Pasta geopolimérica, Activación alcalina, CaracterizaciónResumen
El presente trabajo trata de la caracterización de pastas geopoliméricas basadas en perlita utilizando perlita fina como materia prima. Se han examinado los efectos que tienen los principales parámetros de síntesis —tales como la relación perlita/activador, la concentración de NaOH, la adición de sílice soluble al activador y la temperatura de curado— sobre el tiempo de fraguado, la estabilidad en medio acuoso, la viscosidad de la pasta y la resistencia a la compresión de los geopolímeros solidificados. Los resultados han mostrado que estas pastas poliméricas inorgánicas son fluidos no-Newtonianos de viscosidad estructural que alcanzan bajos niveles de viscosidad a alta tensiones de cizalla. Las condiciones óptimas de síntesis para las pastas geopoliméricas resultaron ser a) baja concentración inicial de NaOH en la fase alcalina (2–5 M) y b) una relación sólido-líquido entre 1,2 y 1,4 g/mL. Si se requiere fraguado muy rápido, se tienen que preparar las pastas con un activador alcalino dopado con sílice soluble y curar a altas temperaturas cercanas a los 90 °C.
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