Effects of temperature on expansion of concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction: A simplified numerical approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2022.17121Keywords:
Temperature, Alkali-silica reaction, Expansion, Numerical simulation, Concrete prism testAbstract
The effects of temperature on the expansion behavior of concrete due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) were assessed through a simplified numerical analysis. Numerical models were constructed based on findings from a literature review. A simplified damage model was implemented to capture interactions between the viscoelasticity of the ASR gel and microstructural damage of the aggregate and paste. The parameters of the damage model were identified by fitting the simulated results to the experimental data. The results indicate that for a given reaction ratio, expansion ability is reduced at higher temperatures during the early and late stages of expansion. The results demonstrate that explicit modeling of chemo-mechanical interactions is important to achieve accurate numerical predictions of expansion behavior.
Downloads
References
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S. (2017) Modeling of environmental conditions and their impact on the expansion of concrete affected by alkali-silica reaction. In: Sellier, Grimal, Multon and Bourdarot (ed), Swelling Concrete in Dams and Hydraulic Structures, Wiley, 163-175.
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S.; Martin, R P.; Seignol, J F.; Toutlemonde, F. (2016) Correlation between laboratory expansion and field expansion of concrete: Prediction based on modified concrete expansion test. Proc. of 15th Int. Conf. on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, 15ICAAR2016_034.
Fournier, B.; Ideker, J.H.; Folliard, K.J.; Thomas, M.D.A.; Nkinamubanzi, P.C.; Chvrier, R. (2009) Effect of environmental conditions on expansion in concrete due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Mat. Charact. 60 [7], 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2008.12.018
Lindgard, J.; Nixon, P.; Borchers, I.; Schouenborg, B.; Wigum, B.J.; Haugen, M.; Akesson, U. (2010) The EU "PARTNER" Project - European standard tests to prevent alkali reactions in aggregate: Final results and recommendations. Cem. Concr. Res. 40 [4], 611-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.004
Ideker, J.H.; Drimalas, T.; Bentivegna, A.F.; Folliard, K.J.; Fournier, B.; Thomas, M.D.A.; Hooton, R.D.; Rogers, C.A. (2012) The importance of outdoor exposure site testing. Proc. 14 th Inter. Conf. Alkali-Aggregate Reac. Concr. 051412-IDEK.
Larive, C. (1998) Apports Combinés de l'Expérimentation et de la Modélisation à la Compréhension de l'Alcali Reaction et de ses Effets Mécaniques Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, OA28. (in French).
Kim, T.; Olek, J.; Jeong, H. (2015) Alkali-silica reaction: Kinetics of chemistry of pore solution and calcium hydroxide content in cementitious system. Cem. Concr. Res. 71, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.01.017
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S.; Sagawa, Y. (2018) Alkali-Wrapped Concrete Prism Test (AW-CPT) - New testing protocol toward a performance test against alkali-silica reaction-. J. Adv. Con. Tech. 16 [9], 441-460. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.16.441
Swamy, R.S. (1991) The alkali-silica reaction in concrete, Blackie and Son Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203036631
Chatterji, S.; Christensen, P. (1990) Studies of alkali-silica reaction. Part 7. Modelling of expansion. Cem. Concr. Res. 20 [2], 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(90)90082-9
Dunant, C.F. (2009) Experimental and modelling study of the alkali-silica-reaction in concrete, Ph.D thesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
Dunant, C.F.; Scrivener, K.L. (2010) Micro-mechanical modelling of alkali-silica-reaction-induced degradation using the AMIE framework. Cem. Concr. Res. 40 [4], 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.07.024
Giorla, A.B.; Scrivener, K.L.; Dunant, C.F. (2015) Influence of visco-elasticity on the stress development induced by alkali-silica reaction. Cem. Concr. Res. 70, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.09.006
Multon, S.; Sellier, A. (2016) Multi-scale analysis of alkali-silica reaction (ASR): Impact of alkali leaching on scale effects affecting expansion tests. Cem. Concr. Res. 81, 122-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.12.007
Yang, L.; Pathirage, M.; Su, H.; Alnaggar, M.; Luzio, G.D.; Cusatis, G. (2021) Computational modeling of temperature and relative humidity effects on concrete expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. Cem. Concr. Compos. 124, 104237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104237
Takahashi, Y.; Ogawa, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Maekawa, K. (2016) Scale-dependent ASR expansion of concrete and its prediction coupled with silica gel generation and migration. J. Adv. Con. Tech. 14 [8], 444-463. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.14.444
Comby-Peyrot, I.; Bernard, F.; Bouchard, P.O.; Bay, F.; Garcia-Diaz, E. (2009) Development and validation of a 3D computational tool to describe concrete behaviour at mesoscale. Application to the alkali-silica reaction. Comput. Mater. Sci. 46 [4], 1163-1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.06.002
Putatatsananon, W.; Saouma, V. (2013) Chemo-mechanical micromodel for alkali-silica reaction. ACI Mater. J., 110, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.14359/51684367
Miura, T.; Multon, S.; Kawabata, Y. (2021) Influence of the distribution of expansive sites in aggregates on the microscopic damage due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) - insights into the mechanical origin of expansion-. Cem. Concr. Res. 142, 106355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106355
Sanchez, L.F.M.; Fournier, B.; Jolin, M.; Duchesne, J. (2015) Reliable quantification of AAR damage through assessment of the Damage Rating Index (DRI). Cem. Concr. Res. 67, 74-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.08.002
Kulug, P.; Wittman, F. (1969) Activation energy of creep of hardened cement paste. Mate. Construc. 2, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473650
Furusawa, Y.; Uomoto, T. (1993) A kinetics based evaluation to the effect of environmental factors on alkali-silica reaction. JCA Pro. Cem. Concr. 47, 402-407. (in Japanese).
Kawabata, Y.; Dunant, C.; Yamada, K.; Kawakami, T. (2021) Influence of temperature on expansion due to the alkali-silica reaction and numerical modelling, First Book of Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, 225-236.
Lothenbach, B.; Matschei, T.; Möschner, G.; Glasser, F.P. (2008) Thermodynamic modelling of the effect of temperature on the hydration and porosity of Portland cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 38 [1], 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.017
Lindgård, J.; Sellevold, E.J.; Thomas, M.D.A.; Pedersen, B.; Justnes, H.; Rønning, T.F. (2013) Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) - performance testing Influence of specimen pre-treatment, exposure conditions and prism size on concrete porosity, moisture state and transport properties. Cem. Concr. Res. 53, 145-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.05.020
Furusawa, Y.; Ohga, H.; Uomoto, T. (1994) An analytical study concerning prediction of concrete expansion due to Alkali-Silica Reaction. Proceedings of 3rd CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, 757-779.
Kawakami, T.; Sagawa, Y.; Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S. (2021) A study on ASR expansion behavior of concrete exposed to natural environment for 5 years: Experimental and numerical approaches, In: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations -Yokota & Frangopol (eds), 2637-2643. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-360
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S.; Sagawa, Y. (2021) Mechanisms of internal swelling reactions: Recent advances and future research needs, In: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations -Yokota & Frangopol (eds), 2599-2607. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-355
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K. (2017) The mechanism of limited inhibition by fly ash on expansion due to alkali-silica reaction at the pessimum proportion. Cem. Concr. Res. 92, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.11.002
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K. (2015) Evaluation of alkalinity of pore solution based on the phase composition of cement hydrates with supplementary cementitious materials and its relation to suppressing ASR expansion. J. Adv. Con. Tech. 13 [11], 538-553. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.13.538
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Igarashi, G.; Sagawa, Y. (2018) Effects of solution type on alkali release from volcanic aggregates -Is alkali release really responsible for accelerating ASR expansion? J. Adv. Con. Tech. 16 [1], 61-74. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.16.61
Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (2017) Project report of enhacing ageing management technical assessment FY2016 (Research on soundness evaluation of concrete structures in long term with respect to the Alkali Aggregate Reaction) (in Japanese).
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Yanagawa, T.; Etoh, J. (2017) Modeling of ASR Expansion Behaviors of Concretes Tested by Accelerated Concrete Prism Test with Alkali-wrapping. Proceedings of the 12th JSMS Symposium on Concrete Structure Scenarios. 17, 491-496. (in Japanese).
Kawabata, Y.; Dunant, C.; Yamada, K.; Scrivever, K. (2019) Impact of temperature on expansive behavior of concrete with a highly reactive andesite due to the alkali-silica reaction. Cem. Concr. Res. 125, 105888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105888
Kawabata, Y.; Yamada, K.; Ogawa, S.; Sagawa, Y. (2019) Numerical simulation of the expansion behavior of field-exposed concrete blocks based on a modified concrete prism test. Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) Durability, monitoring and repair of structures, 230-237.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
Funding data
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grant numbers 20H02227