Petrographic and petrophysical characterization of the main aerial and hydraulic mortars used in the construction and rehabilitation sectors

C.  Parra-Fernández; M.J.  Varas-Muriel

doi:10.3989/mc.2025.379124

Autores/as

C. Parra-Fernández Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-9538
M.J. Varas-Muriel Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-0811

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2025.379124

Palabras clave:

Morteros hidráulicos, Morteros aéreos, Caracterización petrográfica, Propiedades petrofísicas, Usos adecuados

Resumen

La caracterización petrográfica y petrofísica de los morteros aéreos e hidráulicos permite distinguirlos y establecer sus aplicaciones más adecuadas. Los morteros de cales naturales, aéreas o hidráulicas, y cementos artificiales, presentan diferentes propiedades físicas. Estas, dependen de sus características petrográficas y repercuten en sus propiedades mecánicas. Por ello, este estudio comparativo con técnicas y ensayos normalizados ha analizado estos morteros desde un punto de vista petrográfico, petrofísico y mecánico. Los procesos químicos y porosidad originados durante la elaboración y posterior curado de los morteros explican su comportamiento físico (dureza, resistencia, acceso y retención de fluidos). Este estudio confirma que los morteros de cal aérea son los más porosos y menos resistentes, mientras que los de cemento son los más resistentes e impermeables. Asimismo, los morteros de cales hidráulicas naturales, con características petrográficas semejantes a los de cemento, presentan propiedades físico-mecánicas similares a los aéreos, aunque son más impermeables y resistentes.

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