Effect of ZnO, ZrO2 and B2O3 on clinkerization process. Part I. Clinkerization reactions and clinker composition

I. García-Díaz; F. Puertas; M. F. Gazulla; M. Palacios

doi:10.3989/mc.2008.45307

Authors

I. García-Díaz Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (CSIC), Madrid
F. Puertas Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (CSIC), Madrid
M. F. Gazulla Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica. Universidad Jaume I, Castellón
M. Palacios Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (CSIC), Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2008.45307

Keywords:

clinker, mineral composition, ZnO, ZrO2, B2O3

Abstract

The use of clay-based product waste as an alternative prime material in Portland cement raw mixes raises the ZnO, ZrO₂ and B₂O₃ content in the clinker. These compounds are found in the enamelled surface of the tile added to the raw mix. The present study explores the effect of adding 0.5 and 2% ZnO, ZrO₂ and B₂O₃ to the raw mix, separately and jointly, on clinkerization and the distribution and morphology of the mineral phases in the clinker.

The findings showed that while ZnO and ZrO₂ are fixed in the clinker, B₂O₃ is partially volatized. Zinc oxide acted as a flux, while neither ZrO₂ nor B₂O₃ increased the molten phase. The addition of the oxides to the raw mix changed the content of the main mineral phases in the clinker. Zinc oxide lowered the C₃S and C₃A contents, ZrO₂ reduced the ferritic phase and B₂O₃ stabilized C₂S. New mineral phases, namely 3CaO·ZnO·2Al₂O₃ and CaZrO₃, were identified in the clinkers obtained when 2% ZnO and ZrO₂ were added to the raw mix.

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