Printability of stabilized solids for low cement consumption blocks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2026.394225Keywords:
3D printing, Additive manufacturing, Earth construction, ConstructabilityAbstract
This paper investigates the use of sandy silt in 3D printing by stabilizing it with Portland cement and chemical additives (metakaolin and limestone filler). The goal is to make the soil compatible with the 3D printing process and ensure pumpability. The experimental program began with a reference mixture of soil to cement in a 1:1 mass ratio to achieve a consistency suitable for the extrusion method. The study also examined the content of chemical additives, the water-to-dry material ratio, printing speed, and nozzle height conditions. The analysis included the reduction of cement in two mixtures, T15%C and T20%C, with mass proportions of 0.15:0.85:1 and 0.2:0.80:1. It was confirmed that soil-cement blocks could be successfully produced with compressive strengths of 3.1 MPa and 3.0 MPa for the T15%C and T20%C compositions, respectively, indicating a cement reduction of 87% and 82% compared to the reference mixture (REFT100).
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