Empleo de zeolitas fabricadas a partir de residuos industriales en la preparación de materiales de base cemento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2024.390024Palabras clave:
Zeolitas procedentes de residuos, Material de base cemento, Caracterización, Propiedades mecánicas, SostenibilidadResumen
En este estudio se han considerado dos tipos de zeolitas, procedentes de la conversión total de residuos peligrosos de aluminio: la zeolita tipo NaP y la zeolita tipo LTA. Ambas zeolitas se proponen para ser utilizadas en morteros de cemento sustituyendo el contenido de cemento en un 5, 10 y 15%. Al caracterizar la microestructura de ambas zeolitas se detectaron ciertas características interesantes para ser utilizadas como adiciones en materiales de base cemento. También se evaluaron las principales características en estado fresco y el comportamiento mecánico de los morteros fabricados. El menor tamaño de partícula de las zeolitas tipo LTA promueve un efecto filler que aumenta la fluidez de las mezclas de mortero y también actúan como sitios de nucleación de los hidratos del cemento, acelerando así las reacciones de hidratación del cemento. Esta aceleración de la hidratación del cemento genera un aumento de la resistencia a la compresión inicial de los morteros fabricados con este tipo de zeolita. Por otro lado, el mayor contenido de sílice de la zeolita tipo NaP genera reacciones puzolánicas que aumentan significativamente la resistencia a la compresión a largo plazo de los morteros fabricados con este segundo tipo de zeolita.
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