Kinetic and morphological differentiation of Ettringites in plain and blended Portland cements using Metakaolin and the ASTM C 452-68 test. Part I: kinetic differentiation

Authors

  • R. Talero Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción “Eduardo Torroja”, CSIC, Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2008.30805

Keywords:

ettringites, metakaolin, portland cements, gypsum

Abstract


In this first part of the study, the results obtained in prior research with XRD and SEM, as well as the Le Chatelier-Ansttet test were confirmed with the ASTM C 452-68 test. To this end, 20%, 30% and 40% metakaolin (MK) was added to ten Portland cements, six OPCs and four SRPCs. Both the ten plain PCs and the 30 metakaolin (MK) blends were tested for two years under ASTM C 452-68 specifications, determining not only the percentage increase in length, ΔL(%), of the specimens, but also the sulphate content in the curing water. Other parameters studied included: chemical analysis of the cementitious materials used and specific properties of some of the cements tested.

The experimental results, ΔL(%) versus time, re-confirmed that the formation rate of ettringite from the reactive alumina, Al2O3r-, present in the pozzolan must be substantially higher than the formation rate of ettringite from the C3A present in the PC. This was verified by the variation of the sulphate content in the specimen curing water throughout the test. In light of those findings, in this article these two types of ettringite are denominated rapid forming ettringite or ett-rf, and slow forming ettringite or ett-lf.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

(1) ASTM C 452-68 Standard: Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate.-ANNUAL BOOK OF ASTM STANDARDS. Part 9, Cement; Lime; Gypsum, pp. 298-300 (1968).

(2) Moya, S., Sanz, J., Serratosa, J. M., Madani, A. and Aza, S.: Aluminum-27 and Silicon-29 Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Kaolinite-Mullite Transformation.- J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 71 [10] (1988), C-418-C-421.

(3) Talero, R.: Comparative XRD analysis ettringite originating from pozzolan and from portland cement.-Cem.Concr.Res., Vol. 26, No.8 (1996), pp. 1277-1283. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(96)00092-0

(4) Talero, R.: “Contribution to the Analytical and Physical-Chemistry Study of the Ternary System: Pozzolanic Cements-Gypsum-Water”.Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Compl. of Madrid; Ftad. C. Químicas, Madrid, Spain, 20th nov.1986.

(5) Talero, R.: Sulfate resistance of portland cements. Accelerated test to determine it: Specifications.-Monograph Nº. 399.Dic.1989: Instituto C.C. “Eduardo Torroja”, Calle Serrano Galvache, 4, P.O.Box 19002, 28003-MADRID -Spain. (6) Talero, R.: Kinetochemical and morphological differentiation of ettringites by the Le Chatelier-Ansttet test.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 32 (2002), pp. 707-717. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00749-9

(7) Talero, R.: Performance of the metakaolin and portland cements forming ettringite :Kinetic and morphological differences.-11th Intern. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Vol. 2, pp. 853-867, DURBAN - South Africa, 11-16 may 2003.

(8) Talero, R.: Kinetochemical and morphological differentiation of ettringites by metakaolin, portland cements and the Le Chatelier-Ansttet test. Parameter: Vicat Needle Penetration.-Silicates Industriels, Vol. 68 Nrs. 11-12, pp. 137-146, nov./dec. 2003.

(9) Talero, R.: Performance of metakaolin and Portland cements in ettringite formation as determined by ASTM C 452-68: kinetic and morphological differences.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 35 (2005), pp. 1269-1284. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.002

(10) Gospodinov, P. N., Kazandjiev, R. F., Partalin, T. A. and Mironova, M. K. : Diffusion of sulfate ions into cement stone regarding simultaneous chemical reactions and resulting effects.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 29 (1999), pp. 1591-1596. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00138-6

(11) Murat, R.: Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals. Part I: Preliminary investigation on metakaolinite.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 13, No.2 (1983), pp. 259-66. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(83)90109-6

(12) Murat, R.: Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals. Part II: Influence of mineralogical properties of the raw-kaolinite of the reactivity of metakaolinite.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 13, No.4 (1983), pp. 511-18. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(83)90010-8

(13) Murat, R. and Comel, C.: Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals. Part III: Influence of calcination process of kaolinite on mechanical strengths of hardened metakaolinite.-Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 13, No.5 (1983), pp. 631-637. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(83)90052-2

(14) De Silva, P. S. and Glasser, F. P.: Hydration of cements based on metakaolin: thermochemistry.-Advances in Cement Research, Vol. 3, No.12 (1990), pp. 167-177.

(15) Pletersen, H. S. and Binjen, J. M.: The hydration chemistry of some blended cements.- 9th Internat. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement. Proceedings, Vol.VI. pp. 281-290, 1992; Published by National Council for Cement and Building Materials M-10 South Extension Part II New Delhi 110 049 INDIA.

(16) De Silva, P. S. and Glasser, F. P.: Phase relation in the system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O relevant to metakaolin - Calcium hydroxide hydration.-Cem.Concr.Res., Vol. 23 (1993), pp. 627-639. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90014-Z

(17) Silva, P. S. and Glasser, F. P.: The hydration behaviour of metakaolin - Ca(OH)2 - Sulfate binders.- 9th Intern. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement. Proceedings, Vol. IV, Comunication Papers - Theme III. New Delhi, India. 1992.

(18) Blondiau, L.: Considerations diverses relatives à l´essai de resistance chimique au sulfate de calcium suivant le processus Le Chatelier-Ansttet. Rev. Mat. Constr. Trav. Pub. III, nº 524, nº 546 (1961).

(19) Jaspers, M. J.: “Contribution à l’étude experimentale de la mesure per l’essai Le Chatelier-Ansttet de la resistance des ciments aux sulfates et chlorures”.-Rev. Mat. Constr. Trav. Public, 633-634, june, 244-256, july, 1968.

(20) Matousek, M. and Sauman, Z.: Contribution to the hydration of expansive cement on the basis of metakaolinite.-Cem.Concr. Res.,Vol.4, No.1(1974), pp. 113-22. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(74)90070-2

(21) Metha, P. K.: A discussion of the paper “Contribution to the hydration of expansive cement on the basis of metakaolinite” by M.Matousek and Z.Sauman.- Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 4 (1974), pp. 683-684. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(74)90015-5

(22) Chatterji, S.: A discussion of the paper “Contribution to the hydration of expansive cement on the basis of metakaolinite” by M.Matousek and Z.Sauman.- Cem.Concr.Res., Vol. 4 (1974), pp. 685. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(74)90016-7

(23) Matousek, M. and Sauman, Z.: A reply to P.K.Metha’s and Chatterji’s discussion on “Contribution to the hydration of expansive cement on the basis of metakaolinite”.-Cem.Concr.Res.,Vol.4 (1974), pp. 687-688. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(74)90017-9

(24) Talero, R., Bollati, M. R. and Hernández-O., F.: Manufacturing non-traditional mortars and concretes by OPC, metakaolin and gypsum (15.05%).- Mater. Constr., Vol.49, nº 256 (1999), pp. 29-41.

(25) Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Delvasto, S. and Talero, R.: A new pozzolan for high performance cementitious materials.- Mater. Construcc., Vol. 50, nº 260 (2000), pp. 5-13.

(26) Torres, J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Puertas, F.: Effect of kaolin treatment temperature on mortar chloride permeability.-Mater. Construcc., Vol. 57, nº 285 (2007), pp. 61-69. doi:10.3989/mc.2007.v57.i285.39

(27) Eitel, W.: Recent Investigations of the System: Lime-Alumina-Calcium Sulfate-Water and its importance in Building Research Problems.- Journal of Am. Concr. Inst., Vol. 28 (7) (1957), pp. 679-98.

(28) ASTM C 595M-95 Standard: Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements.- ANNUAL BOOK OF ASTM STANDARDS. Sect.4 Construction,Vol. 04.01 Cement; Lime; Gypsum, pp. 291-296 (1995).

(29) EN 196-5 Standard: Instrucción para la Recepción de Cementos RC-97 (R.D. 776/1997, de 30 de mayo) ˜ Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas Generales para la Recepción de Cementos RC-75(BOE nº 206 de 28 de agosto de 1975) = N. Frattini: Ann. Chim. Applicata, Vol. 39 (1949), pp. 616-20.

(30) Mather, K.: Factors affecting sulfate resistance of mortars.- Proceedings. of the 7th Intern. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, París, Vol. V, pp. 580-585 (1980).

(31) Metha, P. K.: Effect of Fly Ash Composition on Sulfate Resistance of Cement.-J. Am.Concr.Inst.(ACI Journal), Vol. 83 (6) (1986), pp. 994-1000.

(32) Tikalsky, P. J. and Carrasquillo, R. L.: Influence of fly ash on the sulfate resistance of concrete.- ACI Journal Materials,(ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL), Vol. 89, No.1 (1992), pp. 69-75.

(33) Talero, R. y Bollati, M. R.: Informe oficial privado / Private official report, 1990.

Downloads

Published

2008-12-30

How to Cite

Talero, R. (2008). Kinetic and morphological differentiation of Ettringites in plain and blended Portland cements using Metakaolin and the ASTM C 452-68 test. Part I: kinetic differentiation. Materiales De Construcción, 58(292), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2008.30805

Issue

Section

Research Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>