Fotocatálisis heterogénea en materiales de construcción: efecto de las propiedades de los catalizadores en la eficiencia de degradación de NOx y autolimpieza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2014.06713Palabras clave:
TiO2, Propiedades ópticas, cristalográficas y microestructurales, Degradación de NOx, autolimpieza, Rodamina B, Extracto de tabaco, Materiales de construcciónResumen
En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de las propiedades de distintos catalizadores en la actividad fotocatalítica de degradación de NOx y autolimpieza, para Rodamina B y extracto de tabaco. Se han ensayado ocho fotocatalizadores, basados en TiO2 y soportados sobre mortero blanco; siete de ellos comerciales y uno sintetizado en el laboratorio con absorción mejorada en el visible. Adicionalmente, las propiedades físicas de algunos de ellos se alteraron mediante tratamientos con agua y/o por calcinación. La actividad fotocatalítica se ha evaluado mediante aproximación cinética, siendo la constante de reacción de primer orden (para NO) y constantes empíricas de ajuste (para autolimpieza) los parámetros de comparación entre materiales. Como resultado, la eficiencia depende del contaminante utilizado en el experimento de evaluación. En general, en este estudio, oxidación de NO y de extracto de tabaco presentan tendencias similares mientras para Rodamina B no se encontró correlación clara ninguna.
Descargas
Citas
Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. (1972) Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode. Nature, 238, 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/238037a0 PMid:12635268
Wrighton, M.S.; Ellis, A.B.; Wolczanski, P.T.; Morse D.L.; Abrahamson, H.B.; Ginley, D.S. (1976) Strontium titanate photoelectrodes. Efficient photoassisted electrolysis of water at zero applied potential. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00426a017
Stirini A.; Cassese L.; Schiavi L. (2005). Measurement of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene gas phase photodegradation by titanium dioxide dispersed in cementitious materials using a mixed flow reactor. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 61, 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.04.009
Demeestere K.; Dewulf J.; Witte B.D.; Baeldens A.; Langenhove H.V. (2008) Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of toluene from air on building materials enriched with TiO2. Building and Environment 43, 406–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.01.016
Maury A.; Demeestere K.; De Belie N.; Mäntylä T.; Levänen E. (2010). Titanium dioxide coated cementitious materials for air purifying purposes: Preparation, characterization and toluene removal potential, Building and Environment 45, 832–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.09.003
Cassar L. (2004) Photocatalysis of cementitious materials: Clean buildings and clean air. Materials Research Society 29, 328–331.
Hüsken G.; Hunger M.; Brouwers H.J.H. (2009) Experimental study of photocatalytic concrete products for air purification. Building and Environment 44, 2463–2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.04.010
Bengtsson, N.; Castellote, M. (2010) Photocatalytic Activity for NO degradation by construction materials: Parametric study and multivariable correlations. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technology, 13, 341–349.
De Melo J.V.S.; Trichês G. (2012) Evaluation of the influence of environmental conditions on the efficiency of photocatalytic coatings in the degradation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Building and Environment, 49, 117–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.016
Peruchon, L.; Puzenat, E.; Herrmann, J.M.; Guillard, C. (2009) Photocatalytic efficiencies of self-cleaning glasses. Influence of physical factors Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 8, 1040–1046.
Ruot, B.; Plassais, A.; Olive, F.; Guillot, L.; Bonafous, L. (2009) TiO2-containing cement pastes and mortars: Measurements of the photocatalytic efficiency using a Rhodamine B-based colourimetric test, Solar Energy 83, 1794–1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.05.017
Sapiña, M.; Jimenez-Relinque, E.; Castellote, M. (2013) Controlling the Levels of Airborne Pollen: Can Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Help?, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 11711?11716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402467x PMid:24063577
Folli, A.; Pochard, I.; Nonat, A.; Jakobsen, U.H.; Shepherd, A.M.; Macphee, D.E. (2010) Engineering Photocatalytic Cements Understanding TiO2 Surface Chemistry to Control and Modulate Photocatalytic Performances, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, [10] 3360–3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03838.x
Lucas, S.S.; Ferreira, V.M.; Barroso de Aguiar, J.L. (2013) Incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mortars –Influence of microstructure in the hardened state properties and photocatalytic activity, Cem. Concr. Res. 43, 112–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.007
Diamanti, M.V.; Lollini, F.; Pedeferri,M.P.; Bertolini, L. (2013) Mutual interactions between carbonation and titanium dioxide photoactivity in concrete, Building and Environment 62, 174e181.
Brus, L. (1984) Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state. J. Chem. Phys. 80, 4403–4409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.447218
Brus, L. (1986) Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory. Phys. Chem. 90, [12] 2555–2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100403a003
Rino, J.P.; Studart, N. (1999) Structural correlations in titanium dioxide. Phys. Rev. B 59, 6643–6649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6643
Anpo, M.; Shima, T.; Kodama, S.; Kubokawa, Y. (1987) Photocatalytic hydrogenation of propyne with water on small-particle titania: size quantization effects and reaction intermediates. J. Phys. Chem. 91, 4305–4310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100300a021
Kormann, C.; Bahnemann, D.W.; Hoffmann, M.R. (1988) Preparation and characterization of quantum-size titanium dioxide. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 5196–5201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100329a027
Kavan, L.; Stoto, T.; Gratzel, M.; Fitzmaurice, D.; Shklover, V. (1993) Quantum-size effects in nanocrystaline semiconducting TiO2 layers prepared by anodic oxidative hydrolysis of TiCl3. J. Phys. Chem. 97, (37) 9493–9498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100139a038
Serpone, N.; Lawless, D.; Khairatdinov, R.; (1995) Size Effects on the Photophysical Properties of Colloidal Anatase TiO2Particles: Size Quantization versus Direct Transitions in This Indirect Semiconductor?. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 16646–16654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100045a026
Tanaka, K.; Lapule, M.F.V.; Hisanaga, T. (1991) Effect of crystallinity of TiO2on its photocatalytic action. Chem. Phys.Lett. 187, 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90486-S
Maira, A.J.; Yeung, K.L.; Lee, C.Y.; Yue, P.L.; Chan, C.K.; (2000) Size Effects in Gas-Phase Photo-oxidation of Trichloroethylene Using Nanometer-Sized TiO2Catalysts. J. Catal. 192, 185–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2000.2838
Almquist, C.B.; Biswas, P. (2002) Role of Synthesis Method and Particle Size of Nanostructured TiO2 on Its Photoactivity. J. Catal. 212, 145–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2002.3783
Byrne, J.A.; Eggins, B.R.; Dunlop, P.S.M.; Linquette-Mailley, S. (1998) The effect of hole acceptors on the photocurrent response of particulate TiO2 anodes. Analyst 123, 2007–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a803885f
Jang, H.D.; Kim, S.J.; Kim, S.K. (2001) Effect of Particle Size and Phase Composition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Photocatalytic Properties. J. Nanoparticle Res. 3, 141–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017948330363
Nam, H.J.; Amemniya, T.; Murabayashi, M.; Itoh, K. (2004) Photocatalytic Activity of Sol?Gel TiO2 Thin Films on Various Kinds of Glass Substrates: The Effects of Na+ and Primary Particle Size. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 8254–8259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp037170t
Zhang, Z.; Wang, C.C.; Zakaria, R.; Ying, J.Y. (1998) role of particle size in nanocrystalline TiO2-based photocatalysts. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 10871–10878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp982948+
Xu, N.; Shi, Z.; Fan, Y.; Dong, J.; Shi, J.; Hu, M.Z.C. (1999) Effects of Particle Size of TiO2 on Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Suspensions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38, 373–379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie980378u
Gerischer, H. (1995) Photocatalysis in aqueous solution with small TiO2 particles and the dependence of the quantum yield on particle size and light intensity. Electrochim. Acta, 40, 1277–1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(95)00058-M
Grela, M.A.; Colussi, A.J. (1996) Kinetics of Stochastic Charge Transfer and Recombination Events in Semiconductor Colloids. Relevance to Photocatalysis Efficiency. J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18214–18221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp961936q
Lin, H.; Huang, C.P.; Li, W.; Ni, C.; Ismat Shah, S.; Tseng, Y. (2006) Size dependency of nanocrystalline TiO2 on its optical property and photocatalytic reactivity exemplified by 2-chlorophenol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 68 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.07.018
Folli, A.; Pade, C.; Hansen, T.B.; De Marco, T.; Macphee, D.E. (2012) TiO2 photocatalysis in cementitious systems: Insights into self-cleaning and depollution chemistry, Cem. Concr. Res, 42, 539–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.12.001
Puddu, V.; Choi, H.; Dionysiou, D.D.; Li Puma, G. (2010) TiO2 photocatalyst for indoor air remediation: Influence of crystallinity, crystal phase, and UV radiation intensity on trichloroethylene degradation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 94, 211–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.08.003
Bengtsson, N.; Castellote, M.; López-Muñoz, M.; Cerro, L. (2009) Preparation of Co-doped TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of NOx in Air under Visible Light. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 12, 55–64.
G.F.A. Kortum, (1969) Reflectance Spectroscopy: Principles, Methods, Applications, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88071-1 PMid:5392451
Augugliario, V.; Kisch, H.; Loddo, V.; López-Muñoz, M.; Márquez-Álvarez, C.; Palmisano, G.; Palmisano, F. Parrino, F.; Yurdakal. S. (2008) Photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes in aqueous suspension of home prepared titanium dioxide: 2. Intrinsic and surface features of catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 349, 189–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07.038
ISO 22197-1: Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics)–Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials–Part 1: Removal of nitric oxide, 2007.
UNI 11259: Determinazione dell'attività fotocatalitica de leganti idraulici–Metodo della rodamina 2008.
Luo, Y.; Tai, W.S.; Seo, H.O.; Kim, K.; Kim, M.J.; Dey, N.K.; Kim, Y.D.; Choi, K.H.; Lim, D. (2010) Adsorption and Photocatalytic Decompositon of Toluene on TiO2 Surfaces. Catalysis Letters, 138, 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-010-0369-1
Monticone, S.; Tufeu, R.; Kanaev, A.V.; Scolan, E.; Sanchez, C. (2000) Quantum size effect in TiO2 nanoparticles: does it exist?, Applied Surface Science, 162–163, 565–570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00251-8
Perez-Estrada, L.A.; Aguera, A.; Hernando, M.D.; Malato, S.; Fernandez, A. (2008) AR Photo degradation of malachite green under natural sunlight irradiation: kinetic and toxicity of the transformation products. Chemosphere 70, 2068–2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.008 PMid:17959225
Fu, H.B.; Zhang, S.C.; Xu, T.G.; Zhu, Y.F.; Chen, J.M. (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of RhB by fluorinated Bi2WO6 and distributions of the intermediate products. Environ Sci Technol, 42, 2085–2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702495w PMid:18409641
Natarajan, T.S.; Natarajan, K.; Bajaj, H.C.; Tayade, R.J. (2013) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth-doped TiO2 nanotubes under direct sunlight irradiation for degradation of Rhodamine B dye, J Nanopart Res, 15, 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1669-3
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2014 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© CSIC. Los originales publicados en las ediciones impresa y electrónica de esta Revista son propiedad del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución “Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional ” (CC BY 4.0). Puede consultar desde aquí la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia. Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario.
No se autoriza el depósito en repositorios, páginas web personales o similares de cualquier otra versión distinta a la publicada por el editor.
