Transforming bamboo-guadua: Fiber extraction and characterization for biocomposite material

P. Luna; J. Lizarazo-Marriaga

doi:10.3989/mc.2025.383224

Autores/as

P. Luna Universidad Nacional de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-2411
J. Lizarazo-Marriaga Universidad Nacional de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-1640

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2025.383224

Palabras clave:

Fibras naturales, fibras de bambú-guadua, metodología de extracción, caracterización física, caracterización mecánica

Resumen

La Guadua angustifolia, una especie de bambú sudamericana, tiene una larga tradición de uso como material de construcción. A pesar de existir numerosos estudios sobre sus propiedades mecánicas y estructurales, las investigaciones sobre sus fibras y procesos de extracción son escasas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo enriquecer el conocimiento técnico-científico necesario para aumentar la utilización de las fibras de bambú Guadua angustifolia. Propone un programa experimental que desarrolló y evaluó una metodología de extracción. Las fibras obtenidas se caracterizaron por su longitud, densidad, absorción de agua, propiedades mecánicas, características morfológicas y espectroscopia FTIR. El método de extracción arrojó fibras de hasta 20 cm de largo, con una densidad promedio de 1.4 g/cm³ y una resistencia a la tracción alrededor de 350 MPa, entre otras propiedades.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Luna P, Lizarazo-Marriaga J. 2022. Fibras naturales como refuerzo de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica. Momento.65:65-79. https://doi.org/10.15446/mo.n65.103151

Thyavihalli Girijappa YG, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Parameswaranpillai J, Siengchin S. 2019. Natural fibers as sustainable and renewable resource for development of eco-friendly composites: a comprehensive review. Front. Mater. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00226

Shanmugam V, Mensah RA, Försth M, Sas G, Restás Á, Addy C, et al. 2021. Circular economy in biocomposite development: State-of-the-art, challenges and emerging trends. Composites Part C. 5:100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100138

Bernaoui A, Lebrun G, Ruiz E. 2022. High performance natural fiber composites from mat and UD flax reinforcements backed with a mat Binder: A study of mat fiber surface fibrillation. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 160:107064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107064

Lozano-Puentes HS, Sánchez-Matiz JJ, Ruiz-Sanchez E, Costa GM, Díaz-Ariza LA. 2023. Guadua angustifolia Kunth leaves as a source for bioactive phenolic compounds: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction using response surface methodology and antioxidant activities. Heliyon. 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22445 PMid:38076038 PMCid:PMC10709060

Correal JF, Calvo AF, Trujillo DJA, Echeverry JS. 2022. Inference of mechanical properties and structural grades of bamboo by machine learning methods. Constr. Build. Mater. 354:129116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129116

Acosta R, Montoya JA, Welling J. 2021. Determination of the suitable shape for tensile tests parallel to the fibers in Guadua angustifolia kunth specimens. Bioresources. 16(2):3214-3223. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3214-3223

Correal JF, Arbeláez J. 2010. Influence of age and height position on Colombian Guadua angustifolia bamboo mechanical properties. Maderas Ciencia y Tecnología. 12(2):105-113. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2010000200005

Dumar J, Luna P, Lamus F. 2018. Relation of the bending strength and the Young's modulus with moisture content for bamboo Guadua angustifolia Kunth. Espacios. 39(4). Retrieved from https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n04/a18v39n04p01.pdf

Gutierrez M, Takeuchi C, Perozo MC. 2012. Variation of tensile strength parallel to the fiber of bamboo Guadua angustifolia Kunth in function of moisture content. Key Eng. Mater. 517:71-75. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.71

Luna P, Lozano J, Takeuchi CP, Gutierrez M. 2012. Experimental determination of allowable stresses for bamboo Guadua angustifolia Kunth structures. Key Eng. Mater. 517:76-80. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.517.76

Takeuchi C, Lamus F, Malaver D, Herrera JC, River JF. 2009. Study of the behaviour of Guadua angustifolia Kunth frames. In: VIII World Bamboo Congress Proceedings. 42-58.

Estrada M, Linero DL, Takeuchi C. 2019. Numerical model of cracking pattern in laminated bamboo specimens under tensile and shear loads. Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale. 13(48):348-56. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.48.33

Takeuchi C. 2014. Caracterización mecánica del bambú Gudua laminado para uso estructural (PhD. Thesis). Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Takeuchi CP, Luna P, Estrada M, Linero DL, Lizarazo-Marriaga J, M. Rojas J. 2016. Comportamiento mecánico de elementos estructurales fabricados con guadua laminada pegada prensada. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Luna P, Olarte AM, Takeuchi C. 2014. Análisis teórico experimental de conexiones en elementos estructurales de bambú guadua laminado pegado prensado, para un proyecto de vivienda. Dyna (Medellin). 81(184):110-4. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v81n184.37414

Luna P, Takeuchi C. 2014. Home for elderly people built by the community with structural elements of laminated bamboo Guadua in a rural area of Colombia. Key Eng. Mater. 600:773-782. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.600.773

Luna P, Takeuchi C, Cordón E. 2014. Mechanical Behavior of glued laminated pressed bamboo Guadua using different adhesives and environmental conditions. Key Eng. Mater. 600:57-68. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.600.57

Correal JF, Echeverry JS, Ramírez F, Yamín LE. 2014. Experimental evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of Glued Laminated Guadua angustifolia Kunth. Constr. Build. Mater. 73:105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.056

Sánchez M, Patiño W, Cárdenas J. 2020. Methods of surface treatment and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua fibers. Scientia et Technica. 25(01):183-8. https://doi.org/10.22517/23447214.20721

Espitía-Nery ME, Corredor-Pulido DE, Rodríguez-Ramírez NJ, Calderón-Bustos JN. 2018. Morphological and nanomechanical characterization of Guadua Angustifolia kunth fiber by means of SEM and AFM. Dyna (Medellin). 85(206):148-154. https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n206.70889

Sanchez-Echeverri LA, Ganjian E, Medina-Perilla JA, Quintana GC, Sanchez-Toro JH, Tyrer M. 2021. Mechanical refining combined with chemical treatment for the processing of Bamboo fibres to produce efficient cement composites. Constr. Build. Mater. 269:121232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121232

Luna P, Lizarazo-Marriaga J. 2016. An extraction methodology of Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers. In: 6th Amazon & Pacific Green Materials Congress and Sustainable Construction Materials LAT-RILEM Conference. Cali, Colombia.

Cruz-Riaño LJ, Quintero-Giraldo LJ, García-Guzmán JA, Alcaraz-Zapata A, González-Castrillón E del S, Osorio-Saraz JA. 2021. Synthesis of polymeric composites reinforced with short bamboo fibers supported by experiment design. Polym. Compos. 42(1):474-483. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25840

Sánchez ML, Aperador WA, Capote G. 2018. Influence of the delignification process on the properties of panels made with Guadua fibers and plant resin. Ind. Crops. Prod. 125:33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.084

Grand View Research. 2018. Natural Fiber Composites (NFC) market size, share & trends analysis report by raw material, by matrix, by technology (injection molding, compression molding, pultrusion): by application, and segment forecasts, 2018-2024.

Asmare FW, Liu X, Qiao G, Li R, Babu K M, Wu D. 2024. Investigation and application of different extraction techniques for the production of finer bamboo fibres. Advances in Bamboo Science. 7:100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100070

Vinod A, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S. 2023. Recently explored natural cellulosic plant fibers 2018-2022: A potential raw material resource for lightweight composites. Industrial Crops and Products. Elsevier B.V. 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116099

Joshi G, Shukla SR, Chauhan SS. 2024. Nanocellulose extraction from lignocellulosic materials and its potential applications: a review. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science. 21:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-023-00325-y

Subash S, Retnam ST, Raja E. 2017. A review on extraction of bamboo fibres and its properties. Int. J. Adv. Chem. Sci. Appl. 5(2). Retrieved from http://www.irdindia.in/journal_ijacsa/pdf/vol5_iss2/4.pdf

Sreenivasan VS, Somasundaram S, Ravindran D, Manikandan V, Narayanasamy R. 2011. Microstructural, physico-chemical and mechanical characterisation of Sansevieria cylindrica fibres - An exploratory investigation. Mater. Des. 32(1):453-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.06.004

Dhakar K, Daharwal V, Srivatsan TS, Bembalge OB. 2024. Extraction of bamboo fibre and its incorporation into biocomposites: a study. Mater. Manuf. Process. 4(2):162-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2024.2406784

Popat TV, Patil AY. 2017. A review on bamboo fiber composites. IRE Journals. 1(2):54-72. Retrieved from https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1700041.pdf

Zakikhani P, Zahari R, Sultan MTH, Majid DL. 2014. Extraction and preparation of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites. Mater. Des. 63:820-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.06.058

Jagadeesh P, Puttegowda M, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. 2021. A review on extraction, chemical treatment, characterization of natural fibers and its composites for potential applications. Polym. Compos. 42(12):6239-6264. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26312

Kabir M, Wang H, Lau K, Cardona F. 2013. Tensile properties of chemically treated hemp fibres as reinforcement for composites. Compos. B Eng. 53:362-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.048

Kim H, Okubo K, Fujii T, Takemura K. 2013. Influence of fiber extraction and surface modification on mechanical properties of green composites with bamboo fiber. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 27(12):1348-1358. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.697363

Murali K, Mohana K. 2007. Extraction and tensile properties of natural fibers: Vakka, date and bamboo. Compos. Struct. 77(3):288-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.07.023

Singh B, Dessalegn MY. 2021. Effect analysis of extraction processes of bamboo fiber. Natural Volatiles & Essent Oils. 8(5):4226-4246. Retrieved from https://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/view/1353/1168

Ghavami K, Marinho AB. 2005.Propriedades físicas e mecânicas do colmo inteiro do bambu da espécie Guadua angustifolia. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental. 9(1):107-114. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662005000100016

Torres E, Luna P, Takeuchi C. 2014. Determination of the delamination percentage of compacted bamboo guadua using extended field digital images processing. Key Eng. Mater. 600:15-20. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.600.15

Montoya JA, González HA, Bedoya Sánchez JR. 2007. Dureza brinell y la influencia de la humedad relativa del ambiente, de la edad y la altura a lo largo del tramo en la especie de bambú. Scientia et Technica. 2(34):619-624.

Cai M, Takagi H, Nakagaito AN, Li Y, Waterhouse GIN. 2016.Effect of alkali treatment on interfacial bonding in abaca fiber-reinforced composites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 90:589-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.025

Hashim MY, Amin AM, Marwah OM, Othman MH, Yunus MR, Huat NC. 2017. The effect of alkali treatment under various conditions on physical properties of kenaf fiber. J. Phys.: Conf. Series. 914:012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/914/1/012030

Vishnu Vardhini KJ, Murugan R, Rathinamoorthy & R. 2019. Effect of alkali treatment on physical properties of banana fibre. Indian J. Fibre Text. Res. 44:459-465. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/298009346.pdf

Naili H, Jelidi A, Limam O, Khiari R. 2017. Extraction process optimization of Juncus plant fibers for its use in a green composite. Ind. Crops. Prod. 107:172-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.006

Belouadah Z, Toubal LM, Belhaneche-Bensemra N, Ati A. 2021. Characterization of ligno-cellulosic fiber extracted from Atriplex halimus L. plant. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 168:806-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.142 PMid:33242548

Azanaw A, Haile A, Gideon RK. 2019. Extraction and characterization of fibers from Yucca Elephantine plant. Cellulose. 26(2):795-804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2103-x

Teklu T. 2022. Characterization of physico-chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of ethiopian sisal fibers. J. Nat. Fibers. 19(10):3825-3836. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1848730

Phong NT, Fujii T, Chuong B, Okubo K. 2012. Study on how to effectively extract bamboo fibers from raw bamboo and wastewater treatment. J. Mater. Sci. Res. 1(1):144-155. https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v1n1p144

Luna P, Lizarazo-Marriaga J, Mariño A. 2016. Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers as reinforcement of polymeric matrices: An exploratory study. Constr. Build. Mater. 116:93-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.139

Estrada M. 2010.Extracción y caracterización mecánica de las fibras de bambú (Guadua angustifolia) para su uso potencial como refuerzo de materiales compuestos (Master Thesis). Universidad de Los Andes.

Luna P, Lizarazo-Marriaga J. 2017. Proposed method for determining cross-sectional area of Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers. J. Nat. Fibers. 16(2):253-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2017.1414655

Ramadevi P, Sampathkumar D, Srinivasa C V., Bennehalli B. 2012. Effect of alkali treatment on water absorption of single cellulosic abaca fiber. Bioresources. 7(3):3515-3524. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.3515-3524

Asres MA, Zerayohannes G, Zekaria A, Nuramo DA. 2024. Experimental study of Yushania alpina bamboo fiber. Mater. Res. Express. 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad3b67

Trujillo E, Moesen M, Osorio L, Van Vuure AW, Ivens J, Verpoest I. 2014. Bamboo fibres for reinforcement in composite materials: Strength Weibull analysis. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 61:115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.02.003

Ramirez F, Maldonado A, Correal J, Estrada M. 2011. Bamboo-Guadua angustifolia kunt fibers for green composites. In: 18th International Conference on Composite Materials. The Korean Society of Composite Materials. 1-4.

Symington MC, Banks WM, West OD, Pethrick RA. 2009. Tensile testing of cellulose based natural fibers for structural composite applications. J. Compos. Mater. 43(9):1083-1108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998308097740

Fangueiro R, Rana S. 2016. Natural Fibres: advances in science and technology towards industrial applications. Vol. 12, RILEM Bookseries. Springer. 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7515-1

Shahinur S, Ullah AS. 2017. Quantifying the Uncertainty Associated with the Material Properties of a Natural Fiber. Procedia CIRP. 61:541-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.227

Zidi S, Miraoui I, Jaballi S. 2024. Investigation of sisal fiber cords impact to improve the mechanical properties of plaster-based composites. EuroMediterr. J. Environ. Integr. 9:579-590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-024-00502-6

Zhang K, Wang F, Liang W, Wang Z, Duan Z, Yang B. 2018. Thermal and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Polymers (Basel). 10(6):608. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060608 PMid:30966642 PMCid:PMC6404121

Luna P, Lizarazo-Marriaga J, Mariño A. 2024. Alkali and plasma-treated Guadua angustifolia bamboo fibers: a study on reinforcement potential for polymeric matrices. J. Renew. Mater. 12(8):1399-1416. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2024.052669

Osorio L, Trujillo E, Van Vuure AW, Verpoest I. 2011. Morphological aspects and mechanical properties of single bamboo fibers and flexural characterization of bamboo/ epoxy composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 30(5):396-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684410397683

Faruk O, Bledzki A, Fink H, Sain M. 2012. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000-2010. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37(11):1552-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.04.003

Osorio J, Espinosa A, García E. 2009. Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de la estructura interna de la guadua con un modelo matemático. Dyna (Medellin). 76(160):169-78.

Hill C, Norton A, Newman G. 2009. The water vapor sorption behavior of natural fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 112(3):1524-1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29725

Mwaikambo LY, Ansell MP. 2002. Chemical modification of hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers by alkalization. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 84(12):2222-2234. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10460

Rocha S, de Andrade Silva F, Lopes P, Toledo Filho RD, Ferreira Rocha S, de Andrade Silva F, et al. 2015. Effect of fiber treatments on the sisal fiber properties and fiber - matrix bond in cement based systems. Constr. Build. Mater. 101(1):730-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.120

He J, Tang Y, Wang SY. 2007. Differences in morphological characteristics of bamboo fibres and other natural cellulose fibres: Studies on X-ray diffraction, solid state 13C-CP/MAS NMR, and second derivative FTIR spectroscopy data. Iranian Polymer Journal. 16(12):807-818.

Fang H, Wu Q, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yan X. 2013. Effects of thermal treatment on durability of short bamboo-fibers and its reinforced composites. Fibers and Polymers. 14:436-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0436-5

Hossain SI, Hasan M, Hasan N, Hassan A. 2013. Effect of chemical treatment on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of ladies finger natural fiber. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013(1):824274. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/824274

Bozaci E, Sever K, Sarikanat M, Seki Y, Demir A, Ozdogan E, et al. 2013. Effects of the atmospheric plasma treatments on surface and mechanical properties of flax fiber and adhesion between fiber-matrix for composite materials. Compos. B Eng. 45(1):565-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.042

Tserki V, Zafeiropoulos NE, Simon F, Panayiotou C. 2005. A study of the effect of acetylation and propionylation surface treatments on natural fibres. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 36(8):1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.01.004

Chattopadhyay SK, Khandal RK, Uppaluri R, Ghoshal AK. 2011. Bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composites and their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119(3):1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32826

Zhang X, Wang F, Keer LM. 2015. Influence of surface modification on the microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of bamboo fibers. Materials. 8(10):6597-6608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8105327 PMid:28793585 PMCid:PMC5455367

Lu J, Qi R, Hu X, Luo Y, Jin J, Jiang P. 2013. Preparation of soft wood-plastic composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130(1):39-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38916

Li X, Wei Y, Xu J, Xu N, He Y. 2018. Quantitative visualization of lignocellulose components in transverse sections of moso bamboo based on ftir macro- and micro-spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Biotechnol Biofuels. 11:263. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1251-4 PMid:30263064 PMCid:PMC6157062

Biswas S, Rahaman T, Gupta P, Mitra R, Dutta S, Kharlyngdoh E, et al. 2022. Cellulose and lignin profiling in seven, economically important bamboo species of India by anatomical, biochemical, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Biomass Bioenergy. 158:106362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106362

Raharjo R, Bangun Darmadi D, Gapsari F, Setyarini PH, Widodo TD. 2024. Characterization of bromelain enzyme treated Bamboo petung fiber (BPF) for composite reinforcement. Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. 9: 100683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100683

Fajardo Seminario JI, Verdugo CO, Paltan CA, Zuluaga R. 2022. Aislamiento y caracterización de nano fibras de celulosa cristalina (CNF's) a partir de Guadua Angustifolia Kunth (GAK). In: XV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingeniería Mecánica. Madrid, España.

Wang F, Shao J, Keer LM, Li L, Zhang J. 2015. The effect of elementary fibre variability on bamboo fibre strength. Mater. Des. 75:136-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.019

Habibi MK, Lu Y. 2014. Crack propagation in bamboo's hierarchical cellular structure. Sci. Rep. 4:5598. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05598 PMid:24998298 PMCid:PMC4083283

Chou CS, Chen CY, Lin SH, Lu WH, Wu P. 2015. Preparation of TiO2/bamboo-charcoal-powder composite particles and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv. Powder Technol. 26(3):711-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.12.013