Lightweight gypsum composite material to improve energy efficiency: Assessment of physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal and fire performance properties

A. Zaragoza-Benzal; D. Ferrández; P. Santos; E. Atanes-Sánchez

doi:10.3989/mc.2025.395824

Autores/as

A. Zaragoza-Benzal Polytechnic University of Madrid https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7799-9740
D. Ferrández Polytechnic University of Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-547X
P. Santos University of Coimbra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-6762
E. Atanes-Sánchez Polytechnic University of Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-4595

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2025.395824

Palabras clave:

Material de construcción, Comportamiento térmico, Eficiencia energética, Caracterización fisicoquímica, Comportamiento frente al fuego

Resumen

En este estudio se desarrolla un nuevo compuesto fabricado bajo criterios de economía circular utilizando recursos naturales y reciclados. El poliestireno expandido reciclado se integra de forma innovadora en compuestos de yeso reforzados con fibras. Este enfoque ha permitido reducir el consumo de materias primas hasta un 18,2%, reduciendo su densidad en un 31,7%. Así mismo, se ha obtenido la disminución del 47,2% en la conductividad térmica en comparación con el yeso convencional y un aumento de la resistencia a térmica de los sistemas de construcción del 21.1%. Además, los resultados de la caracterización mecánica cumplen los requisitos mínimos normativos. También se realizó una caracterización físico-química y el análisis microestructural del material. Por último, se incluye una evaluación del comportamiento del material ante el fuego, analizando las emisiones tóxicas liberadas. Este estudio contribuye al desarrollo de nuevos materiales de construcción sostenibles para la fabricación de productos prefabricados más eficientes energéticamente.

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