Desempeño mecánico de una mezcla asfáltica tibia usando asfalto modificado con silicato de sodio y áridos de hormigón reciclado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2026.396224Palabras clave:
Mezcla asfáltica tibia, MAT, Silicato de sodio, Mezcla densa en caliente, MDC, Árido de hormigón reciclado, ACRResumen
El presente estudio evaluó el desempeño mecánico de una mezcla asfáltica tibia (MAT) remplazando parcialmente la fracción gruesa del árido natural (AN) por árido de hormigón reciclado – ACR. Para fabricar la MAT, se utilizó un silicato de sodio (SS), el cual espumó y modificó el cemento asfáltico (CA). El SS se presenta como un aditivo novedoso que no ha sido investigado por la comunidad técnica y académica. Con base en ensayos de penetración y punto de ablandamiento realizados sobre el CA modificado en diversas proporciones (SS/CA=0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50% en masa) se definió un contenido de SS/CA=1% como óptimo. Sobre el CA modificado y sin modificar se realizaron ensayos de viscosidad, caracterización reológica y observaciones en un microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB). Sobre las mezclas asfálticas se llevaron a cabo ensayos Marshall, Resistencia en Tensión Indirecta – RTI, Cantabro, módulo resiliente, deformación permanente y fatiga. El SS permite disminuir la temperatura de mezcla en 20°C, generando MATs que experimentan similar e incluso mejor desempeño en ciertas propiedades comparada con la MDC de Control. Las mezclas con ACR exhiben mayor resistencia en el ensayo Marshall y similar resistencia a la deformación permanente con respecto a la mezcla de control, pero menor resistencia en tensión indirecta, al desgaste Cantabro, a la fatiga y al daño por humedad.
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