Evaluation of the physical sulfate attack resistance of lightweight concrete with thermally expanded clay

P. A. López; J. I. Tobón; J. F.  Arango-L

doi:10.3989/mc.2025.397024

Autores/as

P. A. López Cement and Construction Materials Research Group. Materials and Minerals Department, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sumicol Corona https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0395-1891
J. I. Tobón Cement and Construction Materials Research Group. Materials and Minerals Department, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-1309
J. F. Arango-L Cemento Alión https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-4557

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2025.397024

Palabras clave:

Hormigón, Hormigón ligero, Ataque por sulfato de sodio, Daño físico por sulfato, Ataque dual de sulfato

Resumen

El fenómeno de ataque físico por sulfatos (AFS) ha sido escasamente estudiado, especialmente para hormigones ligeros con áridos de arcilla térmicamente expandida (AEx). Se evaluaron cambio de masa, apariencia visual, resistencia a compresión, densidad de equilibrio, sorción, porosidad abierta y conductividad hidráulica, de muestras de hormigón. Además, se emplearon técnicas de caracterización, como fluorescencia de rayos X, difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido, para identificar las sustancias formadas después de exposición a sulfatos. Nuestros resultados muestran que durante el AFS ocurre un ataque dual, por AFS y por reacciones químicas en el hormigón ligero (CL) y en el de peso normal (CN). A mayor cantidad de AEx disminuye la resistencia a la compresión y al AFS. Pero, con la mejora de la pasta de cemento, el resultado se revirtió. La estructura alveolar interna relativamente cerrada de TECA no albergaba cristales de sulfato de sodio ni otras sustancias.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Neville A. 2011. Properties of concrete. Canada: Pearson.

Shan ZQ, Yin GJ, Wen XD, Miao L, Wang SS, Zuo XB. 2024. Numerical simulation on transport-crystallizationmechanical behavior in concrete structure under external sulfate attack and wetting-drying cycles. Mater. Des. 241:112908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112908

Omrani IAN, Waldemar M, Świątkowski M. 2024. Role of climatic cycles on the duality of chemical and physical modes of sulfate attack in concrete. J. Civ. Eng. Constr. 13(3):146-158. https://doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2024.13.3.146

Suleiman A, Nehdi ML. 2016. Effect of pore structure on concrete deterioration by physical sulphate attack. Resilient infrastructure (conference). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313756523

Nadelman EI, Kurtis KE. 2019. Durability of Portland-limestone cement-based materials to physical salt attack. Cem. Concr. Res. 125:105859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105859

Tobón JI, Payá J, Restrepo O. 2015. Study of durability of Portland cement mortars blended with silica nanoparticles. Constr. Build. Mater. 80:92-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.074

Nehdi ML, Suleiman AR, Soliman AM. 2014. Investigation of concrete exposed to dual sulfate attack. Cem. Concr. Res. 64:42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.06.002

Zhutovsky S, Hooton RD. 2016. Evaluation of concrete's resistance to physical sulfate salt attack. International RILE Conference on Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering Conference segment on Service Life of Cement based Materials and Structures 22-24 August 2016, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306960534

Esselami R, William W, Tagnit-Hamou A. 2022. An accelerated physical sulfate attack test using an induction period and heat drying: First applications to concrete with different binders including ground glass pozzolan and limestone filler. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 345, p. 128046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128046

Najjar MF, Nehdi ML, Soliman AM, Azabi TM. 2017. Damage mechanisms of two-stage concrete exposed to chemical and physical sulfate attack. Constr. Build. Mater. 137:141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.112

Deng G, He Y, Lu L, Wang F, Hu S. 2022. Investigation of sulfate attack on aluminum phases in cement-metakaolin paste. J. Build. Eng. 56:104720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104720

Zhutovsky S, Hooton D. 2016. Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on the resistance of mortar to physical sulfate salt attack. Conference: 5th International Materials Specialty Conference, Annual Conference of Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. London, Ontario, Canada. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306077939

Ding W, He Y, Lu L, Wang F, Hu S. 2021. Mechanical property and microstructure of quaternary phase paste blended with metakaolin. Cem. Concr. Compos. 118:103934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.103934

American Concrete Institute ACI 201.2R-16. 2016. Guide to durable concrete. U.S.A.

Alyami MH, Alrashidi RS, Mosavi H, Almarshoud MA, Riding KA. 2019. Potential accelerated test methods for physical

sulfate attack on concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 229:116920.

Drimalas T. 2007. Laboratory and field evaluations of external sulfate attack (dissertation). Texas: S.N. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3569

Zhutovsky S, Hooton RD. 2017. Experimental study on physical sulfate salt attack. Materials and Structures. 50:54. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0936-z

Vargas P, Restrepo Oscar, Tobón JI. 2017. Microstructural analysis of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and its impact on the compressive strength of lightweight concretes. Constr. Build. Mater. 137:381-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.101

Vargas P, Marín NA, Tobón, JI. 2018. Performance and microstructural analysis of lightweight concrete blended with nanosilica under sulfate attack. Adv. Civ. Eng. 2018(1):2715474. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2715474

Zhutovsky, Hooton RD. 2017. Accelerated testing of cementitious materials for resistance to physical sulfate attack. Constr. Build. Mater. 145:98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.239

Sakr MR, Bassuoni MT, Hooton RD, Drimalas T, Haynes H, Folliard KJ. et al. 2020. Physical salt attack on concrete:

Mechanisms, influential factors, and protection. ACI Mater. J. 29:253-268.

Abiev R, Kozlov VV. 2018. Study of properties of foam concrete produced by means of vortex jet apparatus. Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 43:71-76. https://doi.org/10.15217/issn1998984-9.2018.43.71

Kozłowski M, Kadela M. 2018. Mechanical characterization of lightweight foamed concrete. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. Hindawi Publishing, 2018(1):6801258. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6801258

Samson G, Phelipot-Mardelé A, Lanos, C. 2017. A review of thermomechanical properties of lightweight concrete. Mag. Concr. Res. 69(4):201-216. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.16.00324

Rodriguez C, Doehne E, Sebastian E. 2000. How does sodium sulfate crystallize? Implications for the decay and testing of building materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 30(10):1527-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00381-1

Neville A. Tecnología del concreto. 2013. Instituto Mexicano del Cemento y del Concreto, A.C.

Liu P, Chen Y, Wang W, Yu Z. 2020. Effect of physical and chemical sulfate attack on performance degradation of concrete under different conditions. Chem. Phys. Lett. 745:137254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137254

Bassuoni MT, Rahman M. 2016. Response of concrete to accelerated physical salt attack exposure. Cem. Concr. Res.79:395-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.02.006